OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY &
HEALTH
Industrial Management 1
1
Prepared by:
Industrial Engineering Research Group
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
To list 4 purposes of OSH Programme
To identify the needs of OSH Programme
To develop the action plan for the OSH
Programme
To distinguish responsibilities of top
management, line management and supervisors in
the implementation of OSH Programme
2
SCOPE
1. Planning an OSH programme
2. Responsibilities in the implementation of OSH
programme
3. OSH programmes in an organisation
4. Procedures and system of work
3
CREATING OSH POLICY,
ORGANISATION AND
ARRANGEMENTS
OSHA 1994 requires to have written policy,
organisation and arrangements
Purpose of OSH programme is to ensure:
Implementing the goals of OSH policy
Minimum compliance with national laws and regulations
Good operation of the organisations OSH management
system
Continual improvement in OSH performance
4
PLANNING AN OSH
PROGRAMME
Begin with:
1. Goals of the organisation written in the
policy
2. Legal and other requirements
3. Identified hazard and risks
Prioritise the needs of these requirements
and set objectives and target for the
organisation to achieve
Set objectives and targets
Create action plans with datelines and
responsibilities for completion 5
ACTION PLAN FOR LEGAL AND
OTHER OBLIGATIONS
1. Identify legal requirements:
Identify which regulation applies e.g.
SHO Regulations 1997, SHC Regulations
1996, CIMAH Regulations 1996, USECHH
Regulations 2000
Codes of practice or guidelines
Identify other requirements e.g.
e.g. Responsible Care
Implement all above requirements
6
ACTION PLAN FOR
OSH ARRANGEMENTS
Get management commitment
Design plans based on objectives and targets
Arrange for resources (human, financial and
technical support)
7
ACTION PLAN FOR
OSH ARRANGEMENTS
Identify how to measure success of the programme
(performance indicators)
Assign responsibilities for each programme
Communicate these requirements to managers
and supervisors concerned
8
RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF OSH
PROGRAMMES
General responsibility
Top Management
Overall responsibility
Provide resources to implement the policy
Line Management and Supervisors
Day-to-day programme tasks and responsibilities
9
RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF OSH
PROGRAMMES
Employee
To cooperate
Obey rules and regulations
Reporting
Involvement in consultations
10
RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF OSH
PROGRAMMES
Line Management Responsibilities
Ensuring that OSH is managed within their area of
operations
Include arrangements to resolve any conflict between OSH issues
and productivity by escalation to higher management.
11
RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF OSH
PROGRAMMES
Specific responsibilities (preferably written in their job
descriptions):
Those managing contractors
Those responsible for OSH training
Those responsible for plant and equipment
OSH specialists: industrial hygiene, investigators &
auditors, SHO, etc.
12
OSH PROGRAMMES
Information, instruction, training:
OSH promotion
Awareness programme
Training / induction and other training
Signs and labels
Tool box meeting
Communicating and consultation
13
OSH PROGRAMMES
The provision of systems of work:
Procedures, training and supervision
Include procedures for contractors and visitors
First Aid
Emergency preparedness
Including evacuation drill and emergency exercises
14
OSH PROGRAMMES
Arrangements for use or operation, handling, storage
and transport of plant and substances:
Assessment
Hazard / accident reporting
PPE
Showers
15
OSH PROGRAMMES
Provision of facilities for welfare of employees:
Cafeteria
Showers
Toilets
16
OSH PROGRAMMES
Implementing Risk Control:
Prioritises risk reduction programme according to the
hierarchy of control
Establish System Of Work if administrative control
measures are required
Inform and train affected employees before
Implementation of control measures
Information and training is important especially when
there is a "decision to change"
17
SAFE SYSTEM OF WORK
A formal procedure to minimise remaining
risks
EXAMPLES WHERE REQUIRED, IN
PARTICULAR,
Cleaningand maintenance operations,
Working alone.
Breakdowns.
Emergencies.
Should have safe working procedures for
all jobs. 18
SAFE SYSTEM OF WORK
Implementing
Identifyrequired safe working procedure.
Write safe work instructions
Provide training
Ensure supervision
Monitor effectiveness of control measures and act
accordingly
19
SAFE SYSTEM OF WORK
PERMITTOWORK REQUIRED
Electricalwork, especially at higher voltages
Entry into confined spaces e.g. vessels
Excavation work or demolition activities
Presence or possible release of
Ionising radiation, or flammable gases, liquid or
dusts (possible risk of ignition by hot work,
electrical or electrostatic sources)
Lone working in hazardous environments
20
SAFE SYSTEM OF WORK
PERMITTOWORK
Documentation:
Written authority, e.g. to carry out maintenance in a
confined space
Issued by authorised person
States job risk has been assessed
Details safety precautions
Authorises the work
Permanent record of precautions taken
21
SAFE SYSTEM OF WORK
PERMITTOWORK
Training and supervision very important
Audit
22
SAFE SYSTEM OF WORK
LONE WORKING
May include the Buddy System:
(a) Challenge-check system. (e.g. aircraft
checklists)
(b) Lifeguard system. (e.g. jobs requiring lifelines
and special protective gear)
(c) Two-person system. (e.g. in electrical
substation operations)
23
THE IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN FACTORS
Human factors can lead to accidents:
General health and fitness
Complacency
Fatigue, Boredom
Rushing (cutting corners)
Panic in emergencies
Over eagerness (not following procedures)
Inter-group relationships
Build in fail-safe mechanism or remove the risk
24
SUMMARY
Programmes must be established to accomplish
goals policies and objectives.
OSH programmes must be specific, has
datelines, assignment of responsibilities,
performance indicators and resources.
25
SUMMARY
All levels of management must be responsible for
managing occupational safety and health in the
workplace.
System of work including work permits is
important in certain categories of work
26
