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Addressing Modes in Computer Architecture

The document discusses different addressing modes used in computer architecture, including immediate, direct, indirect, register, register indirect, displacement, relative, base register, and stack addressing modes. It provides examples and explanations of how each addressing mode works, including how the effective address is calculated and any memory accesses required. Addressing modes allow instructions to access operands in memory or registers in different ways, with tradeoffs between speed, address space, and memory accesses.

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abhishek
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10 views17 pages

Addressing Modes in Computer Architecture

The document discusses different addressing modes used in computer architecture, including immediate, direct, indirect, register, register indirect, displacement, relative, base register, and stack addressing modes. It provides examples and explanations of how each addressing mode works, including how the effective address is calculated and any memory accesses required. Addressing modes allow instructions to access operands in memory or registers in different ways, with tradeoffs between speed, address space, and memory accesses.

Uploaded by

abhishek
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Amity School of Engineering & Technology

Amity School of Engineering


& Technology
B. Tech. (CSE), V Semester
Computer Architecture
Jitendra Rajpurohit
Amity School of Engineering & Technology

Addressing Modes
Amity School of Engineering & Technology

Addressing Modes
1. Immediate
2. Direct
3. Indirect
4. Register
5. Register Indirect
6. Displacement (Indexed)
7. Relative Addressing
8. Base Register Addressing
9. Stack
Amity School of Engineering & Technology

Immediate Addressing

Operand is part of instruction


Operand = address field
e.g. ADD 5
Add 5 to contents of accumulator
5 is operand
No memory reference to fetch data
Fast
Limited range

Opcode Operand

Instruction
Amity School of Engineering & Technology

Direct Addressing
Address field contains address of operand
Effective address (EA) = address field (A)
e.g. ADD A
Add contents of cell A to accumulator
Look in memory at address A for operand
Single memory reference to access data
No additional calculations to work out
effective address
Limited address space
Amity School of Engineering & Technology

Direct Addressing

Instruction

Memory
Amity School of Engineering & Technology

Indirect Addressing
Memory cell pointed to by address field contains the address of
(pointer to) the operand
EA
Look in A, find address (A) and look there for operand
e.g. ADD (A)
Add contents of cell pointed to by contents of A to
accumulator
Large address space
Multiple memory accesses to find operand
Hence slower
Amity School of Engineering & Technology

Indirect Addressing

Instruction

Memory
Amity School of Engineering & Technology

Register Addressing

Operand is held in register named in address filed


EA = R
Limited number of registers
Very small address field needed
Shorter instructions
Faster instruction fetch
No memory access
Very fast execution
Very limited address space
Multiple registers helps performance
Amity School of Engineering & Technology

Register Addressing

Instruction

Registers
Amity School of Engineering & Technology

Register Indirect Addressing


EA = (R)
Operand is in memory cell pointed to by contents of register
R
Large address space (2n)
One fewer memory access than indirect addressing
Amity School of Engineering & Technology

Register Indirect Addressing


Instruction

Memory
Registers

Pointer to Operand Operand


Amity School of Engineering & Technology

Displacement Addressing
EA = A + (R)
Address field hold two values
A = base value
R = register that holds displacement
or vice versa
Amity School of Engineering & Technology

DisplacementAddressing
Instruction
Address R

Memory
Registers

Pointer to Operand + Operand


Amity School of Engineering & Technology

Relative Addressing

A version of displacement addressing


R = Program counter, PC
EA = A + (PC)
i.e. get operand from A cells from current location pointed to by
PC
Amity School of Engineering & Technology

Base-Register Addressing

A holds displacement
R holds pointer to base address
R may be explicit or implicit
Amity School of Engineering & Technology

Stack Addressing
Operand is (implicitly) on top of stack
e.g.
ADD
Pop top two items from stack and add

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