Pakistan
Chapter one
Introduction
• Indus civilization ( 5000 years dating back)
• Bronze age (3300 to 1300 B.C)
• Indus valley (Tibetan plateau to Arabian sea)
• Indo-Aryan people (middle east Asia)
• British dominancy (18th century)
• 14th 1947 independence of Pakistan
• Two wars against India on disputed territory
of Kashmir
– 1947-48
– 1965
• 1971 war and separation of east and west
Pakistan.
• Nuclear weapon testing
1998.
• Pervez Musharraf Era
(2001-2008)
• Assassination of Benazir
Bhutto (27th December
2007)
Geography
• Location: South Asia
• area: 803,940 sq km
• Coastline: 1046 km
• Climate: dry winter,
dry spring, the
summer rainy season,
summer and monsoon
period.
• Terrain (topography)
– Topography is study of earth’s shape and features.
– Indus in east, mountain in north and northwest
• Elevation extremes
– Lowest point: Indian ocean
– Highest point: K2 8611 m
• Natural resources:
– Natural gas, limited petroleum, coal, iron ore,
copper, salt, limestone.
• Land use:
– Arable land: 24.44%
– Permanent crops: 0.84%
– Other 74.72%
• Environment – current issues:
– Water pollution
– Reason: raw sewage, industrial wastes
– Natural fresh water
• Area
– Land: 96.8%
– Water: 3.1%
• Maritime claim:
– Definition: Maritime is a
term that describes
objects or activities
related to the sea.
Territorial sea
Contiguous zone
Exclusive economic
zone
Continental shelf
• Territorial sea: is used
informally to describe any
area of water over which a
state has jurisdiction. ( 12
nm)
• Contiguous zone:
extending from the outer
edge of the territorial sea,
within which a state can
exert limited control for the
purpose of preventing or
punishing (24nm)
• Exclusive Economics Zone: is a sea zone over which a
state has special rights over the exploration and use
of marine resources. (200nm)
• Continental shelf: The continental shelf is an
undersea extension of a continent. (200 nm)
Environment-International
agreements
Climate change-Kyoto protocol
• The Protocol was initially adopted on 11 December
1997 in Kyoto, Japan.
• It is a protocol to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change, aimed at fighting
global warming.
• The goal of achieving "stabilization of greenhouse
gas concentration in atmosphere.
Law of sea:
• It deals with matters including
marine commerce, shipping,
and the transportation of
passengers and goods by sea.
Ozone layer protection
• It is an international treaty
designed to protect the
ozone layer by phasing out
the production of a number
of substances believed to be
responsible for ozone
depletion.
People
• Population: 176.2 m
• Age structure
– 0-14 years: 37.2%
– 15-64 years: 58.6%
– 65 and above: 4.2%
• Net migration rate: -0.48 migrant(s)/1000
population (2009 est.)
• Infant mortality rate: 65.14 deaths/1000 live
births
• Life expectancy rate at birth: 64.49 years
– Male: 63.4
– Male: 65.64
• School life expectancy (primary to tertiary
education): 7 years
– Definition: School life expectancy is defined as the
total number of years of schooling which a child of
a certain age can expect to receive in the future.
Government type
• Pakistan government type: Federal republic
• Monarchy
• Anarchy
• Republic
• Parliamentary
• Dictatorship
Monarchy
• A monarchy has a king or queen, who
sometimes has absolute power. Power is
passed along through the family
Anarchy
• Anarchy is a situation where
there is no government.
This can happen after a civil war
in a country, when a
government has been destroyed
and rival groups are fighting to
take its place.
Republic
• A republic is led by representatives of the
voters. Each is individually chosen for a set
period of time.
• Representative democracy
Parliamentary
• A system of government in which the power
to make and execute laws is held by a
parliament.
Dictatorship
• Rule by a single leader who has not been
elected and may use force to keep control. In
a military dictatorship, the army is in control.
Usually, there is little or no attention to public
opinion or individual rights
Administrative divisions
FATA
• Federally Administrative Tribal Areas are a
group of small administrative units in the
northwest of Pakistan, lying between the
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the neighboring
country of Afghanistan. comprise seven
tribal agencies and six smaller frontier
regions, with considerable autonomy from
the rest of Pakistan.
Seven agencies
• Khyber Agency
• Mohmand Agency
• Bajaur Agency
• Orakzai Agency
• Kurram Agency
• North Waziristan Agency
• South Waziristan Agency
Legal system
• Based on English common law with provision
to accommodate Pakistan’s status as an
Islamic state.
• Common law
• Civil law
Common Law
• The system of laws
originated and developed in
England and based on court
decisions. Common-law
courts base their decisions
on prior judicial
pronouncements rather
than on codified written
laws.
Civil law
• The primary feature of which is
that laws are written into a
collection, codified, and not (as
in common law) determined by
judges
• Suffrage: 18 years age
• Executive branch:
– Chief of state: President Asif Zardari
– Head of Government: Prime Minister Syed Yousuf
Raza Gilani
Majlis-e-Shoora
• Senate: upper house or chamber of a
legislature or parliament (100 seats)
• National Assembly: the lower house (342
seats, 272 elected by vote, 60 for women, 10
non-muslims)
• President is elected by secret ballot
• Last election 6th September 2008
• Qualification for President:
• Not less than 45 years of age
• Muslim
• Qualified to be member of National assembly
can contest for president
• Judicial Branch: Supreme court ( justices
appointed by President)
Political Parties
• Jamaat-i Islami
– Leader: Syed Munawar Hassan
– Founded by: Sayyid A’al Maududi
• Jamiat Ulema-I Islami JUI-F
– Leader: Fazal-ur-Rahman
– Part of Daobandi religious movement
• Jamiat Ulema-I Islami JUI-S
– Leader: Sami-ul Haq
• Muttahida Majlis-e Amal (MMA)
– Leader: Qazi Hussain Ahmed
– It is a coalition between religious-political parties
in Pakistan. (ruling party in N.W.F.P 2008 election)
• Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM) 1985
– Leader: Altaf Hussain
• National People Party (1990)
– Active in Sindh and southern part of Punjab
– Founded by Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi
• Pakistan Muslim League Functional
– Leader: Pir Pagara
• Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz
– Leader: Nawaz Sharif
– President: Shabaz Sharif
• Pakistan Muslim League Q (2002)
– Leader: Chaudiry shujat Hussain
– It was ruling party in Pervez Musharaf’s Era
– influential members such as Pervaiz Elahi,
Chaudhary Shujaat Hussain, Chaudhary Ijaz ul Haq
• Pakistan Peoples Party Sherpao (2002)
– Leader: Aftab Ahmed Sherpao
– Ideology: Islamic Socialism
• Tehrik-e Insaaf (1996)
– Chairman: Imran Khan
– Ideology: Islamic Democracy
– Youth wing: Insaf Student Federation
– Women Wing: PTI Women Wing
• [20th ] Ambassador in USA: Hussain Haqqani
(2008)
• USA Ambassador in Pakistan: Anne W.
Petreson
– She served as acting United States Ambassador to
the United Nations in 2005
Economy
• Fiscal year: July 1 to June 30
• GDP: $452.7 billion (2008 est)
• GDP growth rate: 3.1%
• GDP per capita: $ 2600 (2008 est)
• Inflation rate: 20.8% (2008 est)
• Exchange rate: 85.42 PRK = $1 (15th June 2010)
• Exports: $ 20.63 Billion
• Imports: $ 35.38 Billion
• Export commodities: Textile, rice, leather,
carpets etc
• Import commodities: Petroleum, machinery,
plastics etc.
• Current Account balance: -$10.57 billion
• Definition: It is the sum of the balance of trade
(exports minus imports of goods and services),
net factor income (such as interest and
dividends) and net transfer payments (such as
foreign aid).
• Telephone mobile cellular: 88 million
• PTV (Pakistan Television Corporation)
– Launched: November 26, 1964
– Headquarters: Islamabad
– Managing Director: Arshad Khan
• Military Branches
• 6th in rank active troops
– Pakistan Army
• Headquarters: Rawalpindi
• Chief of Army Staff: Ashfaq Pervez Kayani
– Pakistan Navy
• Headquarters: Islamabad
• Chief of Naval Staff: Admiral Noman Bashir
• 8th September (naval day)
• Pakistan Air Force
– Headquarters: Islamabad
– Chief of Air Staff: Air Chief Marshal Rao Qamar
Suleman.
Geographical coordinates
• It is a coordinate system that enables every
location on Earth to be specified in three
coordinates.
• Latitude
• Longitude
• Latitude: The imaginary great circle around the
earth's surface, equidistant from the poles. It divides
the earth into the Northern Hemisphere and the
Southern Hemisphere.
• Longitude: Constant longitude is represented
by lines running from north to south.