SIR C V RAMAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY &
SCIENCES
E ACCIDENTS DETECTION & PREVENTION IN T
PRESENTED BY
[Link](109B1A0408)
[Link] SRAVAN REDDY(109B1A0426)
[Link] PRASAD(109B1A0416)
[Link](109B1A0404)
[Link] KUMAR REDDY(109B1A0410)
CONTENTS
INTRODUTION
BLOCK DIAGRAM
POWER SUPPLY UNIT
MICROCONTROLLER
RELAY CIRCUIT
GSM MODULE
LCD
FIRE SENSOR
L293 DRIVER CIRCUIT
APPLICATIONS
CONCLUSION
INTRODUTION:
Now a day's every system is automated in
order to face new challenges in the present
day situation. Automated systems have
less manual operations.
Probably the most useful thing to know
about the global system for mobile
communication is that it is an international
standard. If you travel in parts of world.
GSM is only type of cellular service
available. Instead of analog services, GSM
was developed as a digital system using
TDMA technology
FIRE ACCIDENTS IN TRAINS
BLOCK DIAGRAM
POWER SUPPLY UNIT
BRIDGE RECTIFIER
MICROCONTROLLER
->Microprocessors and Microcontrollers are widely
used in Embedded system products.
->Microcontroller is a programmable device.
->A Microcontroller has a CPU in addition to a fixed
amount of RAM,ROM,I/O ports and a timer
embedded all on a single chip.
->8051 is an 8-bit processor, meaning that the cpu can
work on only 8 bits of data at a time.
PIN DIAGRAM:-
FEATURES OF AT89C51
RAM IS 128 BYTES
2.7V TO 6V OPERATING RANGE
FULLY STATIC OPERATION : 0 HZ TO 24
MHZ
128*8-BIT INTERNAL RAM
32 PROGRAMMABLE I/O LINES
TWO 16-BIT TIMER/COUNTERS
4K BYTES OF RE-PROGRAMMABLE FLASH
MEMORY
LOW-POWER IDLE AND POWER-DOWN
MODES
Characteristics of GSM Standard
Fully digital system using 900,1800 MHz
frequency band.
TDMA over radio carriers(200 KHz carrier
spacing.
8 full rate or 16 half rate TDMA channels per
carrier.
User/terminal authentication for fraud control.
Encryption of speech and data transmission
over the radio path.
Full international roaming capability.
Low speed data services (upto 9.6 Kb/s).
Support of Short Message Service (SMS).
Gsm module
TYPES OF RELAY : Mechanical relay
Reed relay
Solid state relay
Mechanical relay
The introduction to this electrical control
switch, call a Relay. It is basically a
device to activate a mechanical switch,
by electrical means. This is unlike a
switch which is
activated manually. In another words it is
a device that convert electrical signal to
a mechanical energy back to electrical
signal again.
Similar to mechanical switch, they can
be described as 2P2T, singlepole double
throw, etc...
Reed relay: Reed Relay is a smaller version of relay.
Package is in plastic. It is about the
same size as a 14 pin DIP IC socket.
It has a slightly different magnetize
structure, however the principle is the
same as a mechanical relay.
Since it is small, this reed relay is
suitable for handling signal, and not
high power or high current drawing load
Solid state relay: This is newer switch device known as
Solid State Relay (SSR) or MOSFET
relay.
It is a semiconductor device, to
replace the mechanical relay as a
reliable alternative.
In solid state relay, the input and
switched output have voltage
polarity
The device works with a wider range
of input voltage (typical 3V to 12V)
and consume relatively less power to
turn on the switch.
RELAY CIRCUIT
LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
PIN DESCRIPTION
Pin No.
Name
Description
VSS
Power supply (GND)
VCC
Power supply (+5V)
VEE
Contrast adjust
0 = Instruction input
RS
R/W
EN
Enable signal
D0
Data bus line 0 (LSB)
D1
Data bus line 1
D2
Data bus line 2
10
D3
Data bus line 3
11
D4
Data bus line 4
12
D5
Data bus line 5
13
D6
Data bus line 6
14
D7
Data bus line 7 (MSB)
1 = Data input
0 = Write to LCD module
1 = Read from LCD module
MICROCONTROLLER & LCD INTERFACE
Max 232
FIRE SENSOR
Flame detectionis
the technology for
detecting flames, using
aflame detector.
Flame detectors are
optical equipment for
the detection of flame
phenomena of a fire.
There are two
categories of flame
detection
L293 DRIVER CIRCUIT: L293 DRIVER
CIRCUIT IS USED
INTERFACE DC
MOTORS WITH
MICROCONTROLLE
R.
IT IS A 16 PIN IC
CONCLUSION
The main aim of this project is to
detect the fire in the Trains and also
control the fire using water pump.
L293D is used as a Driver IC for Motor
and LCD is used for Display.
Fire is detected by using IR Receiver.
Whenever Fire is detected water
pump will be turned on.
ANY QUERIES
THANKU