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Measuring Hypothetical Constructs

This document discusses four approaches that have been used to measure hypothetical constructs like attitudes: 1) physiological measures such as galvanic skin response and pupil dilation; 2) observation of overt behavior; 3) indirect or projective techniques; and 4) subjects' self-reports using methods like choice, ranking, sorting, and rating. It focuses on rating scales as a method for subjects to directly indicate the degree or amount of a characteristic on a scale, describing six main types of rating scales.

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Ajaya Dhakal
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6 views2 pages

Measuring Hypothetical Constructs

This document discusses four approaches that have been used to measure hypothetical constructs like attitudes: 1) physiological measures such as galvanic skin response and pupil dilation; 2) observation of overt behavior; 3) indirect or projective techniques; and 4) subjects' self-reports using methods like choice, ranking, sorting, and rating. It focuses on rating scales as a method for subjects to directly indicate the degree or amount of a characteristic on a scale, describing six main types of rating scales.

Uploaded by

Ajaya Dhakal
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Some Approaches to Measuring Hypothetical Constructs

(e.g. Attitudes)
Following are approaches that have been used to measure psychological constructs:
Physiological Measures, e.g .:

1.

Galvanic skin response (Galvanometer).


Pupil dilations (Pupilometer).
Eye Movement (Eye-tracking equipment).
Voice-pitch levels.

2.

Observation of overt behavior.

3.

Indirect (Projective) techniques .

4.

Subjects self-reports
a) Choice
b) Ranking
c) Sorting
d) Rating

Attitude rating scales


Selecting a measurement scale

Rating Scales

Measurement scales that allow a


respondent to register the degree (or
amount) of a characteristic or attribute
possessed by an object directly on the
scale.

Six main types of rating scales:


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Category scale
Semantic differential scale
Stapel scale
Likert scale (Summated ratings scale)
Constant sum scale

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