CURRENT TRENDS IN DSP
ARCHITECTURE
Dr. L R RAJAGOPAL
WHAT IS THE CORE ?
MOBILE COMM AND
FAX / DATA MODEMS
MULTIMEDIA
IMAGE PROCESSING
AUDIO PROCESSING
VIDEO CONFERENCING
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
DSP IS THE CORE
MOBILE COMM AND
FAX / DATA MODEMS
MULTIMEDIA
IMAGE PROCESSING
AUDIO PROCESSING
DSP
VIDEO CONFERENCING
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
MOBILE COMMUNICATION
MOBILE COMMUNICATION USES 64 KBPS TRANSMISSION /
RECEPTION MODE POSSIBLE BY MODEMS USING CODECS.
FAX / DATA MODEMS PERMIT 33.6 KBPS, 56.6 KBPS
TRANSMISSION / RECEPTION ON A NORMAL TELEPHONE
LINE HAVING 3 KHz BANDWIDTH. AUDIO CODECS PROVIDE
THE DESIRED COMPRESSION / EXPANSION.
MOBILE COMM AND
FAX / DATA MODEMS
MULTIMEDIA
IMAGE PROCESSING
AUDIO PROCESSING
DSP
VIDEO CONFERENCING
GPS
VIDEO CONFERENCING
UNLIKE A STILL PICTURE, MOTION PICTURE
NEEDS HIGHER DATA RATES. VIDEO CODECS
PROVIDE THE HIGH COMPRESSION RATIOS
NEEDED FOR TRANSMISSION / RECEPTION OVER
BAND LIMITED CHANNELS.
MOBILE COMM AND
FAX / DATA MODEMS
MULTIMEDIA
IMAGE PROCESSING
AUDIO PROCESSING
DSP
VIDEO CONFERENCING
GPS
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
SIGNALS FROM SATELLITE CONSTELLATION USE
SPREAD SPECTRUM TECHNIQUES. THE RECOVERY
OF SIGNAL AT RECEIVER NEEDS CORRELATION,
PARAMETER EXTRACTION ETC. WHICH ONLY DSP
CAN ACHIEVE.
IT IS SAID THE AMERICANS WON THE GULF WAR PRINCIPALLY
BECAUSE OF GPS.
MOBILE COMM AND
FAX / DATA MODEMS
MULTIMEDIA
IMAGE PROCESSING
AUDIO PROCESSING
DSP
VIDEO CONFERENCING
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
AUDIO PROCESSING
a) DURING STUDIO RECORDING, DSP PROVIDES SEVERAL
IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS FILTERING, SIGNAL ADDITION &
SUBTRACTION, EDITING, ARTIFICIAL REVERBERATION,
ETC..
b) DURING DIGITAL RECORDING, COMPRESSION USING DSPS
PROVIDES AN HOUR OF RECORDED SPEECH IN 3 MB OF
STORAGE
c)
SPEECH RECOGNITION FEATURE EXTRACTION &
FEATURE MATCHING.
MOBILE COMM AND
FAX / DATA MODEMS
MULTIMEDIA
IMAGE PROCESSING
AUDIO PROCESSING
DSP
VIDEO CONFERENCING
GPS
IMAGE PROCESSING
a) CAT SCAN X-RAYS FROM MANY DIRECTIONS ARE PASSED
THROUGH A SECTION OF THE PATIENTS BODY. POWERFUL
DSP ALGORITHMS HELP IN GENERATION OF THE IMAGES
WHICH APPEAR AS SLICES OF BODY.
b) MRI SIMILAR TO CAT BUT USING MAGNETIC FIELDS.
c)
PROCESSING OF PICTURES FORM SATELLITE, ETC.
d) COMMERCIAL IMAGING PRODUCTS VIDEO TELEPHONES,
DIGITAL TELEVISION, ETC.
MOBILE COMM AND
FAX / DATA MODEMS
MULTIMEDIA
IMAGE PROCESSING
AUDIO PROCESSING
DSP
VIDEO CONFERENCING
GPS
DSP versus CPU
WHAT DOES A DSP HAVE THAT A CPU DOESNT?
NOTHING
DO DSPs RUN FASTER THAN PENTIUM PROCESSORS?
A BIG NO!
WHAT IS SO SPECIAL ABOUT DSP ?
TAILORED ARCHITECTURE
DSP ARCHITECTURE
DATA MEMORY
(DM)
PROGRAM MEMORY
(PM)
DATA+COEFFTS
INSTRUCTIONS
PM BUS
DM BUS
A) TWO PORT
DSP ARCHITECTURE
PROGRAM MEMORY
(PM)
DATA MEMORY
(DM)
DATA
DM BUS
INSTRUCTIONS + COEFFTS
PM BUS
B) MODIFIED TWO PORT
DSP ARCHITECTURE
INSTRUCTIONS
(FROM INSTRUCTION CACHE)
PROGRAM MEMORY
(PM)
DATA MEMORY
(DM)
DATA
DM BUS
COEFFTS
PM BUS
C) THREE PORT ARCHITECTURE
TMSC32010 ARCHITECTURE
WHAT IS A GOOD DSP PROCESSOR
FAST ARITHMETIC CALCULATIONS
HIGH DYNAMIC RANGE FOR MAC OPERATIONS
SIMULTANEOUS ACCESS TO PROGRAM & DATA
SPACE
CIRCULAR BUFFERS IN LARGE DATA SPACE
BIT REVERSAL ADDRESSING SCHEME
POWERFUL AND EASY-TO-USE DEVELOPMENT
SYSTEMS AND TOOLS
EVOLUTION OF DSP PROCESSROS
MULTIPLIER
MULTIPLIER-ACCUMULATOR
INTEL 2920
LOW THROUGH PUT STSATE
LIMITED MEMORY CAPACITY
TEXAS INSTRUMENTS TMS 32010
FLOOD OF FIXED-POINT PROCESSORS
TEXAS: TMS32020,...
ANALOG DEVICES: ADSP-2100,
MOTOROLA:MC56000,
AT&T
NEC
FIXED-POINT DSP MICROCOMPUTERS
ADSP-2105, 2115
FLOATING-POINT DSP PROCESSORS
TMS-320C30, ADSP-21020, MC96000,
FLOATING-POINT DSP MICRO-COMPUTERS
ADSP-21060 (SHARC)
UPTO 32K (FEATURE OF TI
NOT AD)
ADSP 2100 ARCHITECTURE
CACHE
MEMORY
INPUT REGISTER
DATA ADDRESS
GENERATOR
S1
PROGRAM
SEQUENCER
DATA ADDRESS
GENERATOR
S2
14 DMA BUS
14 DMA BUS
24 PMD BUS
16 DMD BUS
INPUT REGISTERS
INPUT REGISTERS
INPUT REGISTERS
ALU
MAC
SHIFTER
OUTPUT REGISTERS
OUTPUT REGISTERS
OUTPUT REGISTERS
R BUS
16
ALU BLOCK DIAGRAM
PMD BUS
24
DMD BUS
16 (Upper)
1
MUX
AX REGISTERS
AX 2REGISTERS
X 16
2 X 16
AY REGISTERS
AY 2
REGISTERS
X 16
2 X 16
MUX
AZ
MUX
AN
Y
ALU
AC
AF REGISTER
AF REGISTER
AV
AB
AQ
16
16
MUX
AR REGISTER
AR REGISTER
16
R BUS
MULTIPLIER ACCUMULATOR (MAC)
ADSP-2101 DSP MICRO-COMPUTER
DSP 56000 ARCHITECTURE
Z89C00 ARCHITECTURE
P
E
R
F
O
R
M
A
N
C
E
DEDICATED
FLOATING
POINT
FIXED POINT
PRICE
ADSP-21020 ARCHITECTURE
ADSP-21065 (SHARC) REPRESENTATIVE SPEEDS
ADSP-21065L
Clock Speed
Instruction Cycle Time
MFLOPS Sustained, Peak
MOPS (32-bit Fixed Point)
Sustained Peak
1024-Point Complex FFT
(Radix 4, with Digit Reverse)
FIR Filter (Per Tap)
IIR Filter (Per Biquad)
Matrix Multiply
(3 x 3) x ( x 1)
(4 x 4) x (4 x 1)
Divide (y/x)
Inverse Square Root
66 MHz
15 ns
132, MFLOPS
132, 198 MFLOPS
0.27 ms (SISD)
15 ns
60 ns
135 ns
240 ns
90 ns
135 ns
1024-POINT COMPLEX FFT (INPLACE)
32-BIT FLOATING-POINT DSPs
DSP-96000 ARCHITECTURE
Link Port
ADSP-2106x
Link Port
ADSP-2106x
Link Port
ADSP-2106x
Link
Port
Link
Port
Link
Port
Link
Port
Link
Port
Link
Port
Link port
Link port
Link port
Link Port
ADSP-2106x
Link Port
ADSP-2106x
Link Port
ADSP-2106x
Link
Port
Link
Port
Link
Port
Link
Port
Link port
Link
Port
Link port
Link
Port
Link port
Multiprocessing mesh configuration. For applications such as radar imaging, a 2d or
3d array may be the most efficient way to coordinate a large number of processors.
Z89120 ARCHITECTURE
0
TIMER11
TIMER
TIMER22
TIMER
282 X 8 BIT
REGISTER FILE
4
24K
Bytes ROM
Z8
8 bit CPU
24 Core
8
8
EXPANDED
REGISTER FILE
MAIL BOX (16 X 8)
10 BIT 4 KHz 64K
DSP PORT
256 x 16 RAM 0
256 x 16 RAM 1
DSP CORE
16 BIT FXD
Fs = 128 Khz
DSP PORT
8-BIT DAC
TIMER22
TIMER
TIMER11
TIMER
M68356 ARCHITECTURE
68302
56002
To Codec
BLACKFIN ARCHITECTURE
TigerSHARC - ARCHITECTURE
A FIR FILTER MODEL
Tapped Delay
Line
Input x(n)
Last Tap
-e(n)
INPUT d(n)
16/32
y(n)
OUTPUT
DSP 56200 ARCHITECTURE
DSP MARKETS AND APPLICATIONS
AS THE PROCESSING CAPABILITIES OF
DSPS HAVE INCREASED AND THE PRICES
HAVE DECREASED, DSPS ARE BEING USED
IN MORE AND MORE APPLICATIONS.
THE INTEGRATION OF DSPS INTO A WIDE
RANGE OF APPLICATIONS IS SIMPLIFIED
BY THE AVAILABILITY OF RUNTIME
LIBRARIES.
SPEECH PROCESSING
DSP FUNCTION
Speech Synthesis
Speech Recognition
Speech Compression
Text to Speech
Pitch Shifting
Filtering
Speech Record &
Playback
APPLICATION
Digital Tapeless Recorders
Voice Store Equipment
Phone Mail
Voice Secure Entry
Systems
Personal ID Systems
Audio Equipment &
Boards for PCs
Toys & Games
AUDIO SIGNAL PROCESSING
DSP FUNCTION
Reverb
Tone Control
Echo
Filtering
Audio Compression
Frequency Equalization
Pitch Shifting
Special Effects
Surround Sound
APPLICATION
Musical Instruments & Amplifiers
Audio Mixing Consoles
Recording Equipment
Broadcast Equipment
Audio Equipment & Boards for PCs
Toys & Games
Automotive Sound Systems
Digital Audio Tape Players
HDTV Equipment
Digital TV
COMMUNICATIONS
APPLICATION
DSP FUNCTION
Modulation & Transmission
Demodulation & Reception
Speech Compression
T1 Switching
DTMF
Data Encryption
Signal Recovery
Echo Cancellation
Voice Over Data
Modems
Fax Machines
BPX Systems
Phone Mail Systems
Private Data Communications Systems
Automatic Teller Machines
Broadcast Equipment
Mobile Phones
Digital Pagers
Global Positioning Systems
Secure,Speaker & Video Telephones
Satellite Phones
Wireless Local Loop
Telecom Infrastructure
INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT
APPLICATION
DSP FUNCTION
Fast Fourier Transform
(FFT)
Filtering
Waveform Synthesis
Adaptive Filtering
High Speed Numeric
Calculations
Test & Measurement Equipment
Vibration Analysis Equipment
I/O Cards for PCs
Automotive Engine Analyzers
Automotive Wheel Balancers
Industrial Scales & Measurement
Active Muffers
Oil Drilling Equipment
Seismic Instruments
Power Meters
Exercise Machines
Signal Analysers
Function / Signal Generators
MEDICAL ELECTRONICS
DSP FUNCTION
Filtering
Echo Cancellation
Fast Fourier
Transform (FFT)
Beam Foaming
APPLICATION
Respiration Monitoring Equipment
Heart Rate / Cardiac Monitoring
Ultra Sound Equipment
Medical Imaging Equipment
Blood Analyzers
Fetal/Infant Monitors
Patient Monitors
Blood Flow Monitors
Heading Aides
OPTICAL & IMAGE PROCESSING
DSP FUNCTION
2-DIMENSIONAL
FILTERING
FAST FOURIER
TRANSFORM (FFT)
PATTERN RECOGNITION
IMAGE SMOOTHING
APPLICATION
BAR CODE SCANNERS
UNDERWATER OBJECT
FINDERS
AUTOMATIC INSPECTION
SYSTEMS
FINGERPRINT
RECOGNITION
DIGITAL TELEVISIONS
SONAR/RADAR SYSTEMS
ROBOTIC VISION
VISION SYSTEMS
INDUSTRIAL MOTOR CONTROL
DSP FUNCTIONS
Filtering
Fast Fourier
Transform (FFT)
Control Loops
Noise Cancellation
APPLICATION
Motors in Appliances, Robotics
or Office Automation
Power Management Equipment
Generators
Elevators
Airconditioners
Traffic Control Systems
Navigation
Disk Drives
High Speed Controls
Vibration Analyzers
MULTI-CHANNEL HF RADIO MODEM
3 CHANNEL
RS-232 & ISA BUS
COMPLIANT
* MARINE QUALIFIED
* FIELD TESTED
SINGLE-CHANNEL HF RADIO
MODEM
* SHARC DSP
* CPCI COMPLIANT
* AVIONIC GRADE
GENERALISED DESIGN CAN BE CUSTOMISED FOR WIDE RANGE
OF APPLICATIONS
CHOICE OF PROCESSOR
A FACT!
ANY PROCESSOR CAN
ACCOMPLISH ANY SOFTWARE
TASK GIVEN ENOUGH TIME
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT - A FACT
THERE IS MORE TO FIELDING A DSP
BASED SY STEM THAN CREATING
SIGNAL PROCESSING ALGORITHMS.
ONE HAS TO MAP THE CORE
ALGORITHM ONTO HARDWARE AND
SOFTWARE, AND THEN GET THEM WORK
TOGETHER.
WIDE OPPORTUNITY
AS THE DSP INDUTRY IS GETTING
SOFTWARE ORIENTED WITH A LOT OF
PROGRAMMING FEATURES, THERE IS AN
OPPORTUNITY FOR REGULAR SOFTWARE
PROFESSIONALS TO GET INTO DSP
APPLICATIONS DEVELOPMENT
DSP GROWTH PATH
CONVENTIONAL DSP PROCESSORS
IMPROVE PERFORMANCE THROUGH
INCREASED PARALLELISM ALLOWING
MORE OPERATIONS PER INSTRUCTION
ENHANCED CONVENTIONAL DSPS
SINGLE INSTRUCTION, MULTIPLE DATA
(SIMD)
ISSUING MULTIPLE INSTRUCTIONS PER
INSTRUCTION CYCLE VLIW (VERY LONG
INSTRUCTION WORD) DSPS
CPUS WITH SIMD EXTENSIONS
DSP/MICROCONTROLLER HYBRIDS
THANK YOU
lrr@[Link]