DEMAND RESPONSE BASED
ENERGY MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM USING SMART GRID COMMUNICATION
By
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link] Priya
Guided by
Mr. [Link]
Sabapathy
Assistant Professor of
EEE
ABSTRACT
This project is aiming at designing and fabricating a Smart home Energy
Management System that can assist in implementing the Smart Grid communication
concept using embedded system.
Price signaling to consumers - allows users to cut their energy bills by telling low
priority devices to use energy only when it is cheapest;
The Smart Energy Management system consists of one Potential Transformer and
one Current Transformer.
The signals are connected to the true rectifier circuits for rectification and fed to the
PIC Processor for measurement of Voltage, Current flow Comparators are used to
sense the phase angle between Voltage & Current waveforms. Zero crossing
detectors are used to convert sine waves into square pulses.
The Smart Energy Management System will display all the electrical parameters like
Voltage, current, power and Maximum Demand.
Objective
To establish
economical demand response
based energy management system for
domestic loads using Smart meter.
WORK PLAN
FROM
TO
WORK
06.01.2014
17.01.2014
20.01.2014
24.01.2014
STUDY ANALYSIS &
UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPTS
27.01.2014
31.01.2014
GENERAL BLOCK DIAGRAM DESIGN
&
COMPONENTS STUDY
LITERATURE SEARCH
FROM
TO
WORK
03.02.2014
05.02.2014
06.02.2014
07.02.2014
PURCHASING COMPONENTS
10.02.2014
14.02.2014
PCB DESIGN
17.02.2014
21.02.2014
ELECTRONICS & ELECTRICAL
COMPONENTS INSTALLATION
24.02.2014
28.02.2014
ALGORITHM AND
MNEUMANICS
WRITING
CIRCUIT DESIGN
FROM
TO
WORK
03.03.2014
07.03.2014
MICRO CONTROLLER
INSTALLATION
10.03.2014
14.03.2014
EMBEDDING HARDWARE
AND SOFTWARE
17.03.2014
21.03.2014
DEBUGGING
24.03.2014
28.03.2014
TEST ANALYSIS
FROM
TO
31.03.2014
04.04.2014
07.04.2014
11.04.2014
WORK
FINAL TESTING AND RESULT
ANALYSIS
REPORT
Block diagram
SUBSTATIO
N
GSM
MOBILE
HOME
SECTION
CT
CURRENT
MEASUREMENT
PT
VOLTAGE
MEASUREMEN
T
AND
LOAD
RELAY
LOAD
RELAY
LOAD
RELA
LCD
ZCD
ZCD
MICRO
CONTROLLER
DRIVE
R
RELAY
GSM
MODEM
LOAD
Block Diagram Explanation
The
Smart Energy Management system consists of one Potential
Transformer and one Current Transformer.
The
signals are connected to the true rectifier circuits for rectification and
fed to the PIC for measurement of Voltage, Current flow .
Comparators
are used to sense the phase angle between Voltage & Current
waveforms. Zero crossing detectors are used to convert sine waves into
square pulses. These square pulses are used to count the frequency.
The
Smart Energy Management System will display all the electrical
parameters like Voltage, current, phase angle.
Also,
it is interfaced to GSM and Enables one way communications of
data & responds to command from LDC.
Circuit diagram
+5V
To main
Load
15
28
15
14
30
14
13
29
13
12
28
12
11
11
27
R ELAY SPD T
+5V
D 1
1N 4148
1k
R 6
1
2
3
7
33
VC C
28
30
29
28
27
19
21
34
8
9
1
1
1
1
0
1
2
3
L
L
L
L
L14
24
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
4
0
1
2
3
1K
G N D
35
L
L
L
L
L
L
25
26
R 5
1
T1
24
1
2
3
4
5
6
36
C 1
C
1k
C U R R EN TTR AN S F O R M ER
14
37
1K
12V
U 11
33pf
C 4
741
33
1k
13
R 4
0V
14
34
R 13 k
13
6M H Z
U 1
35
31
38
33pf
R 2
P IC 1 6 F 8 7 7 A
12
25
31
pic16f877a
26
C 3
36
3
+5V
37
32
12
38
11
12V
T1
32
C 5
0 .1 u f
U 3
2 3 0 V , 5 0 H z A C S u p p ly
39
11
+5V
1k
VO
40
LM 7905
VI
40
-5 V
39
470m f
G N D
1000m f
2
1k
R 1
U 1
1k
2
1k
load
D 1
1N 4148
O P -0 7 /T O
LM 311
7
16
LM 311
+
4 .7 K
-5 V
+5V
8 .2 K
2 .2 u f
2 .2 u f
8
13
Rx
T 2 IN
T 1 IN
C
C
C
C
U 3
7408
BC 187
0 .0 1 u f
0 .0 1 u f
T1O U T
T2O U T
VC C
2
3
10K
8 .2 K
5
6
8
1M
CURRENT
2 .2 u f
R 2 IN
R 1 IN
M A X 232
GSM
MODEM
14
7
Tx
2 .2 u f
-5 V
G N D
R 1O U T
R 2O U T
0 .0 1 u f
8 .2 K
BC 187
0 .0 1 u f
2 .2 u f
6
V2
V+
+
12+
2-
15
1
3
4
5
10K
10
11
4 .7 K
5
6
8
1M
12
9
8 .2 K
VOLTAGE
K1
2 .2 K
TO PROGRAMM ER
230V A C
LED
1
16
1
16
LC D
470m f
B R ID G E
6
4
1k
LM 7805
1000m f
2
3
4
1
2
3
VO
G N D
T3
19
VI
+ 4
1
10K
2
3
4
21
+5V
3
1
D 3 12V
PCB Design
PCB
PCB
is used to mechanically support and
electrically connect electronic components
using conductive pathways.
A signal traces etched from copper sheets
laminated onto a non conductive substrate.
It is also referred to as printed wiring
board(PWB) or etched wiring board.
PCBs are inexpensive and high reliable.
High initial cost than either wire-wrapped or
point-to-point constructed circuits .
Fabrication of PCB
Preparing
of layout
Painting of PCB
Development of the printed circuit
diagram
Etching of PCB
Drilling of holes
Soldering
FULL LOAD
1k
w
2k
w
3k
w
15kw
4k
w
2k
w
AT FULL LOAD THE CONSUMER GET FULL LOAD
3k
w
80% CUT
0.2kw
0.4kw
0.6kw
3KW
0.4kw
0.8kw
If to reduce power as 80% cut. The consumer set only 20% of the load. (Necessary Load)
0.6kw
50% CUT
0.5kw
1kw
1.5kw
7.5K
W
1kw
2kw
If to reduce 50% cut. The consumer get more than necessary load.
1.5kw
ALGORITHM
STEP1:start
the program
STEP2:initialize the ports . A port considered as
input. B port considered as output . c port
considered as output.
STEP3:Read the input signal. If it is analog we need
to convert into digital signal.
STEP4:if LPC(low power consumption) occur, low
load only operate
STEP5: if MPC(medium power consumption)occur ,
medium load will operate
STEP6:if HPC(high power consumption)occur, high
load only operate
STEP7:end
the program
PROGRAM
#include <16f877a.h>
#include <project.c>
#include <lcd.c>
#include <gsm_code.c>
void get_pf (void)
{
delay_cycles(1);
find_cos_angle:
if ( ph_angle_in )
angle_reg++;
goto find_cos_angle;
delay_cycles(1);
}
void refresh_display ( void )
{
delay_cycles(1);
printf(lcd_putc,"%06.3lw Rs.%03lu",( kwh_reg +
forced_kwh_reg),amt_reg);
delay_cycles(1);
if ( watts_disp_en_in )
{
printf(lcd_putc,"%03luW ",curr_wh_reg);
if ( forced_hpc_bit )
{
printf(lcd_putc,"%03luW ",curr_forced_wh_reg);
}
goto display_mode ;
}
lcd_putc("UNITS ");
display_mode:
if ( forced_hpc_bit )
if ( npc_bit )
{
lcd_putc("NORMAL PWR");
goto end_refresh_display ;
}
if ( lpc_bit )
{
lcd_putc(" LOW POWER");
goto end_refresh_display ;
}
end_refresh_display:
delay_cycles(1);
}
void display_title ( void )
{
delay_cycles(1);
lcd_putc(" GSM DEMAND ENERGY METER ");
delay_cycles(1);
}
void main ()
{
lcd_putc(" Initialising modem ");
{
lcd_putc("[Link] POWER");
goto end_refresh_display ;
}
if ( hpc_bit )
{
lcd_putc("HIGH POWER");
goto end_refresh_display ;
}
display_title();
delay_ms(2000);
cont_oper:
delay_ms(100);
check_volt:
gsm_run_ind = 1 ;
read_sms();
gsm_run_ind = 0 ;
cmd_rx = "Set1" ;
if ( ( strcmp(msg_rx,cmd_rx) == 0 ) )
write_mobile_number1();
cmd_rx = "Set2" ;
if ( ( strcmp(msg_rx,cmd_rx) == 0 ) )
write_mobile_number2();
cmd_rx = "Power on";
if( ( strcmp(msg_rx,cmd_rx) == 0 ) )
power_on_relay = 1 ;
cmd_rx = "Power off";
if( ( strcmp(msg_rx,cmd_rx) == 0 ) )
power_on_relay = 0 ;
cmd_rx = "Hpc" ;
if ( ( strcmp(msg_rx,cmd_rx) == 0 ) )
{
hpc_bit = 1 ;
npc_bit = 0 ;
lpc_bit = 0 ;
buzz_out = 1 ;
buzz_out = 0 ;
}
cmd_rx = "Npc" ;
if ( ( strcmp(msg_rx,cmd_rx) == 0 ) )
{
hpc_bit = 0 ;
npc_bit = 1 ;
lpc_bit = 0 ;
buzz_out = 1 ;
buzz_out = 0 ;
}
cmd_rx = "Lpc" ;
if ( ( strcmp(msg_rx,cmd_rx) == 0 ) )
{
hpc_bit = 0 ;
npc_bit = 0 ;
lpc_bit = 1 ;
buzz_out = 1 ;
buzz_out = 0 ;
}
check_inputs:
set_adc_channel (volt_an_in);
voltage_reg = read_adc();
set_adc_channel (curr_an_in);
current_reg = read_adc();
get_pf();
delay_cycles(1);
inter_reg = ( voltage_reg );
delay_cycles(1);
inter_reg = ( inter_reg * current_reg );
delay_cycles(1);
inter_reg = ( inter_reg * cos_angle_reg );
delay_cycles(1);
curr_wh_reg = inter_reg ;
if ( forced_hpc_bit )
{
curr_forced_wh_reg = inter_reg ;
forced_wh_reg = forced_wh_reg + inter_reg ;
}
curr_wh_reg = inter_reg ;
wh_reg = ( wh_reg + inter_reg );
check_mode_bits:
if ( npc_bit && force_hpc_in )
{
delay_cycles(1);
load1_out = 1 ;
load2_out = 1 ;
load3_out = 1 ;
load1_bit = 1 ;
load2_bit = 1 ;
load3_bit = 1 ;
if ( !forced_hpc_bit )
forced_hpc_bit = 1 ;
}
if ( hpc_bit )
{
delay_cycles(1) ;
load1_out = 1 ;
load2_out = 1 ;
load3_out = 1 ;
load1_bit = 1 ;
load2_bit = 1 ;
load3_bit = 1 ;
if ( !water_min_in )
water_pump_out = 1 ;
if ( water_max_in )
water_pump_out = 0 ;
}
if ( npc_bit )
{
water_pump_out = 0 ;
load1_out = 1 ;
load1_bit = 1 ;
load2_out = 1 ;
load2_bit = 1 ;
load3_out = 0 ;
load3_bit = 0 ;
if ( ( curr_wh_reg ) > 200 )
{
lcd_putc(" OVER LOAD TRIP") ;
load1_out = 0 ;
load1_bit = 0 ;
load2_out = 0 ;
load2_bit = 0 ;
check_reset_npc:
delay_ms(100);
if ( !reset_in )
goto check_reset_npc ;
refresh_display();
load1_out = 1 ;
load1_bit = 1 ;
load2_out = 1 ;
load2_bit = 1 ;
}
}
if ( lpc_bit )
{
water_pump_out = 0 ;
load2_out = 0 ;
load2_bit = 0 ;
load3_out = 0 ;
load3_bit = 0 ;
load1_out = 1 ;
load1_bit = 1 ;
if ( ( curr_wh_reg ) > 200 )
{
lcd_putc(" OVER LOAD TRIP") ;
load1_out = 0 ;
load1_bit = 0 ;
check_reset_lpc:
delay_ms(100);
if ( !reset_in )
goto check_reset_lpc ;
refresh_display();
load1_out = 1 ;
load1_bit = 1 ;
}
}
end_wh_cal:
refresh_display();
if ( forced_hpc_bit )
{
inter_reg = forced_wh_reg ;
forced_kwh_reg = inter_reg + forced_kwh_reg ;
}
inter_reg = wh_reg ;
kwh_reg = inter_reg + kwh_reg ;
finish_wh_cal:
delay_cycles(1);
amt_reg = kwh_reg / 1000 ;
amt_reg = ( amt_reg + ( forced_kwh_reg / 500 ) );
refresh_display();
sprintf( msg_tx,"%06.3lwUNITS Rs.%03lu ",( kwh_reg +
forced_kwh_reg ),amt_reg );
if ( sms_send_en )
send_sms_command();
goto cont_oper;
}
Advantages
A system that
merges power and information and communicates intelligently to
customers, operators, and decision-makers.
A network
that is fully coordinated to operate automatically, efficiently, and reliably
delivering digital quality power to 21 st century customers.
An
intelligent grid that is responsive to energy markets and utility business enterprise
needs.
An
electric system capable of integrating a wide array of load, storage and generation
resources .
An
electric system that greatly enhances efficient utilization and consumption of
electricity.
An
electric system that delivers improved reliability and power quality.
Application of Our Project
Electricity board
Apparatus
Commercial
Journals
Research Article,Building Automation Networks for Smart
Grids;Peizhong Yi, Abiodun Iwayemi, and Chi Zhou,Electrical
and Computer Engineering Department, Illinois Institute of
Technology, Chicago, IL 60616-3793, USA,Correspondence should
be addressed to Chi Zhou, zhou@[Link], Received 2 November
2010; Accepted 2 April 2011.
An Algorithm for Intelligent Home Energy, Management and
Demand Response Analysis, Manisa Pipattanasomporn, Senior
Member, IEEE, Murat Kuzlu, Member, IEEE, and Saifur Rahman,
Fellow, IEEE.
An Optimal Power Scheduling Method Applied in Home Energy
Management System Based on Demand Response, Zhuang Zhao,
Won Cheol Lee, Yoan Shin, and Kyung-Bin Song, ETRI Journal,
Volume 35, Number 4, August 2013.
REFERENCES
Hardware Design of Smart Home Energy Management System with
Dynamic Price Response Qinran Hu, Student Member, IEEE,
Fangxing Li, Senior Member, IEEE
Demand Side Management: Demand Response, Intelligent Energy
Systems, and Smart Loads Peter Palensky, Senior Member, IEEE,
and Dietmar Dietrich, Senior Member, IEEE,IEEE
TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS, VOL. 7,
NO. 3, AUGUST 2011.
Hardware Demonstration of a Home Energy Management System
for Demand Response Applications. M. Kuzlu, Member, IEEE, M.
Pipattanasomporn, Senior Member, IEEE, and S. Rahman , Fellow,
IEEE,IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID, VOL. 3, NO. 4,
JULY 2013.
THANK YOU