Sound Localization
Sound localization
As explained earlier sound localization uses ITD and
ILD for sound localization.
The main components used are:
Arduino Board
Sound Sensors
Position Controlling Device(Servomotor)
Arduino boards:
UNO
Mega
LilyPad
Arduino BT
Arduino Nano
Arduino Mini
[1]
Why Arduino Uno???
Inexpensive
Cross-platform
Simple, clear programming
environment
Open source and extensible software
Arduino UNO:
Digital output
~: PWM.
0,1: Serial port
In circuit Serial
programming
Atmel
Microcontroller
USB port
Power
input
[2]
Power Supply
Analog input
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
Microcontroller
ATMEGA 328P
Operating Voltage
5V
Input Voltage(recommended)
(7-12)V
Input Voltage(Limit)
(6-20)V
Digital I/0 Pins
14( of which 6 provide PWM output)
PWM Digital I/0 Pins
Analog Input Pins
DC Current per I/O Pin
20 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin
50 mA
Flash Memory
32 KB (Atmega 328P)
Of which 0.5 KB is used by bootloader
SRAM
2 KB ( ATMEGA 328P)
EEPROM
1 KB ( ATMEGA 328P)
Sound sensors
Sound Sensor can detect
the sound strength of the
environment.
The main component of
the module is a simple
microphone, which is
based on the LM358
amplifier and an electret
microphone.
This module's output is
analog and can be easily
sampled.
[3]
Features of sound sensor
Easy to use sound sensor module
Provides analog output signal
Easily integrates with Logic modules on the input side
of Grove circuits
Uses Standard 4-pin Grove Cables to connect to other
Grove modules such as Grove Power Modules,
Logic Gates and Grove - Base Shield
Specifications
Operating voltage range: 4-12V
Operating current (Vcc=5V): 4-8mA
Voltage Gain (VS=6V, f=1 kHz): 26dB
Microphone sensitivity (1Khz): 52-48dB
Microphone Impedance: 2.2K
Microphone Frequency: 16-20Khz
Microphone S/N ratio: 54dB
Servomechanism
A servomechanism is an automatic device
that uses error-sensing negative feedback to
correct the performance of a mechanism and
is defined by its function.[1]
It usually includes a built-in encoder
Servomotors
A servomotor is a specific type of motor that is combined
with a rotary encoder or a potentiometer to form a
servomechanism. This assembly may in turn form part of
another servomechanism.
A potentiometer provides a simple analog signal to indicate
position, while an encoder provides position and usually
speed feedback, which by the use of a PID controller allow
more precise control of position and thus faster
achievement of a stable position (for a given motor power).
Potentiometers are subject to drift when the temperature
changes whereas encoders are more stable and accurate.
[4]
[5]
Specifications of TowerPro
SG90
Weight: 9 g
Dimension: 22.2 x 11.8 x 31 mm approx.
Stall torque: 1.8 kgfcm
Operating speed: 0.1 s/60 degree
Operating voltage: 4.8 V (~5V)
Dead band width: 10 s
Temperature range: 0 C 55 C
How do servo motors work ?
Servos are controlled by sending them a pulse of
variable width.
The angle of rotation is determined by the width
of the pulse.
When these servos are commanded to move they
will move to the position, hold that position and
the servo will resist from moving out of that
position.
How do servo motors
work
? of the pulse will determine how far the
The length
motor turns. For example, a 1.5 ms pulse will
make the motor turn to the 90 degree position
(neutral position).
The maximum amount of force the servo can
exert is the torque rating of the servo.
Servos will not hold their position forever though;
the position pulse must be repeated to instruct
the servo to stay in position.
[6]
Different brands, and even different servos of the same brand, will
have different maximum and minimums. Generally the minimum
pulse will be about 1 ms wide and the maximum pulse will be 2 ms
wide.
Microphone
1
Microphone
2
[7]
Arduino
Servomotor