Digging for our roots
By Ivn Aguilar
Objective
To review the basic foundations of our
profession
What is science?
Science
Science is the methodical study of nature and society including testable
explanations and predictions.
Wikipedia
knowledge about or study of the natural and social world based on facts
learned through experiments and observation
Merrian-Webster
the systematic study of the nature and behaviour of the material and physical
universe, based on observation, experiment, and measurement, and the
formulation of laws to describe these facts in general terms
The free dictionary
Is a TEACHER a SCIENTIST?
Where does an E.T. come from?
Root one
Applied Linguistics
Neurolinguistics
Historical
linguistics
Bilingualism
Language Pedagogy
Contrastive
analysis
Linguistics
E.T.
Root two
Theories of Second Language Acquisition
Behaviorism
Language Acquisition Device
Input hypothesis
Social interaction
Others...
Root three
Methods
Grammar Translation
Audiolingualism
Natural approach
...
Communicative Language Teaching
Root three
Root four
Communicative Language Teaching
An emphasis on learning to communicate through interaction in the target language.
The introduction of authentic texts into the learning situation.
The provision of opportunities for learners to focus, not only on language but also on
the learning process itself.
An enhancement of the learners own personal experiences as important contributing
elements to classroom learning.
An attempt to link classroom language learning with language activities outside the
classroom.
Root five
Approaches (Theory of language/theory of
learning/theory of teaching)
Lexical approach
Task based learning
Content and Language Integrated Learning
Cognitive Academic Language Approach
Experiential Language Learning
Root six
Principles
a basic truth or theory : an idea that forms the basis of something
Merriam-Webster
A principle is a law or rule that has to be, or usually is to be followed, or can be desirably followed, or
is an inevitable consequence of something, such as the laws observed in nature or the way that a
system is constructed. The principles of such a system are understood by its users as the essential
characteristics of the system, or reflecting system's designed purpose, and the effective operation or
use of which would be impossible if any one of the principles was to be ignored
Wikipedia
Will it be okay?
Depend. If roots
strong. Tree survive.
Language Teaching
Principles
Why principles?
We have discovered a great deal about how to best teach a second language in the
classroom. And, while many mysteries still remain about how and why learners
successfully acquire second languages, it is appropriate for you to focus on what we
do know, what we have learned, and we can say with certainty about second language
acquisition. We can then clearly see that a great many teachers choices are grounded
on established principles of language learning and teaching. By perceiving and
internalizing connections between practice (choices you make in the classroom) and
theory (principles derived from research), your teaching is likely to be enlightened.
You will be better able to see why you have chosen to use a particular classroom
technique (or set of techniques, to carry out with confidence, and to evaluate its
utility after the fact.
(Douglas H. Brown Teaching by Principles: An interactive approach to language pedagogy
Why principles?
Language Teaching/Learning Principles
(According to Douglas H Brown)
Cognitive Principles
Linguistic Principles
Affective Principles
Task 1: Match the principles with their
definitions.
1. Anticipation of rewards
2. Automaticity
3. Communicative
competence
4. Interlanguage
5. Intrinsic motivation
6. Language culture
connection
7. Language Ego
8. Meaningful learning
9. Native language Effect
[Link] taking
11. Self confidence
[Link] investment
Task 2: Classify the principles on the correct categories:
Cognitive ( C), Socio-Affective (SA), and Linguistic (L)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Anticipation of rewards
Automaticity
Communicative competence
Interlanguage
Intrinsic motivation
Language culture connection
7. Language Ego
8. Meaningful learning
9. Native language Effect
10. Risk taking
11. Self confidence
12. Strategic investment
Task 2: Classify the principles on the correct categories:
Cognitive ( C), Socio-Affective (SA), and Linguistic (L)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Anticipation of rewards (C)
Automaticity (C)
Communicative competence (L)
Interlanguage (L)
Intrinsic motivation (C)
Language culture connection (SA)
7. Language Ego (SA)
8. Meaningful learning (C)
9. Native language Effect (L)
10. Risk taking (SA)
11. Self confidence (SA)
12. Strategic investment (C)
Task 3: Watch the video and answer: Which principles do you
think influenced the teachers decisions throughout her lesson