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Overview of Flexible AC Transmission Systems

This document discusses Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) which use power electronics to enhance power grid controllability and transfer capacity. It describes various FACTS controllers like SVCs, TCSCs, and UPFCs. It then provides examples of FACTS installations in the US and explains how a UPFC can control parameters like voltage, impedance, and power flow to increase transmission line capacity and provide other grid support functions.

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Er. Amar Kumar
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© All Rights Reserved
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43 views18 pages

Overview of Flexible AC Transmission Systems

This document discusses Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) which use power electronics to enhance power grid controllability and transfer capacity. It describes various FACTS controllers like SVCs, TCSCs, and UPFCs. It then provides examples of FACTS installations in the US and explains how a UPFC can control parameters like voltage, impedance, and power flow to increase transmission line capacity and provide other grid support functions.

Uploaded by

Er. Amar Kumar
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Flexible AC Transmission

System Overview

Flexible AC Transmission
System
Alternating current
transmission systems
incorporating power
electronics-based and
other static controllers to
enhance controllability
and increase power
transfer capability

Constraints on Useable
Transmission Capacity
Dynamic:
Transient and dynamic stability
Subsynchronous oscillations
Dynamic overvoltages and undervoltages
Voltage collapse
Frequency collapse

Steady-State:
Uneven power flow
Excess reactive power flows
Voltage capability
Thermal capability

FACTS Controllers

Static VAR Compensator - SVC


Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator - TCSC
Thyristor Controlled Phase Angle Regulator - TCPAR
Static Synchronous Compensator - StatCom
Solid State Series Compensator - SSSC
Unified Power Flow Controller - UPFC

US FACTS Installations
AEP/ Unified Power
Flow Controller /
100 MVA/ EPRI
San Diego G&E/
STATCOM/100 MVA
Mitsubishi

Eagle Pass (Texas)


Back-to-back HVDC
37 MVA/ ABB
CSWS (Texas)
STATCOM/ 150 MVA
/ W-Siemens

Vermont Electric/
STATCOM/ 130
MVA/ Mitsubishi

NYPA/ Convertible
Static Compensator/
200 MVA

Northeast Utilities/
STATCOM/ 150 MVA/
Areva (Alstom)
TVA
STATCOM/ 100MVA
EPRI
Austin Energy
STATCOM/ 100MVA
ABB

Power Flow Control


Power transfer between areas can be
affected by adjusting the net series
impedance.
Transmission line capability can be
increased by installing a series capacitor
which reduces the net series impedance.

UPFC

UPFC

may control voltage, impedance, and angle


impacts active and reactive power flow in line

Basic Operation

UPFC Capabilities

Increase transmission line capacity


Direct power flow along selected lines
Powerful system oscillation damping
Voltage support and regulation
Control of active and reactive power flow
at both sending- and receiving-end

Operation
Reactive power is generated or
absorbed by the shunt inverter to
control bus voltage
Reactive power is generated or
absorbed by the series inverter to
control the real and/or reactive power
flow on the transmission line

Contd
A portion of the real power flow on the
transmission line is drawn from the bus by
the shunt inverter to charge the DC
capacitor.
Real power is inserted into the line
through the series inverter.

Power flow in a transmission line


VS

jX

PSR

VR

VSVR
PSR
sin
X
and VR VS jXI
VR

VS
To increase PSR, increase

jXI

VA

- Vinj +

VB

VB

Vinj

VA
VS

jX

VR

- Vinj +

VSVR
PSR
sin
X

VR

VR
PSR

Vinj

jXI

VS

How is Vinj created?


a1

b1

c1

V
a2

b2

c2

a1

a1 on, b1 on, c1 off


Vab=0, Vbc=V, Vca = -V

a1 on, b1 off, c1 off


Vab=V, Vbc=0, Vca = -V

a1 on, b1 off, c1 on
Vab=V, Vbc=-V, Vca = 0

b1

c1

+
V

a2

b2

c2

a1

b1

c1

a2

b2

c2

a1

b1

c1

a2

b2

c2

+
V

+
V

Sine-triangle PWM
1

1
Va

0.8

0.5

0.6

0.4
1

0.5

Vb

0.2

-0.2

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

-0.4

1
Vab

-0.6
-0.8
-1

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0
-1

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