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Understanding Basic Airplane Instruments

This document provides an overview of basic airplane instruments, including their purpose and functions. It discusses how the pitot-static system measures airspeed, altitude, and vertical speed. Instruments like the airspeed indicator, altimeter, vertical speed indicator, horizontal situation indicator, and radio magnetic indicator are explained. Their displays are described and key details are provided, such as how indicators measure airspeed, climb rate, altitude, headings, and navigation points. The objectives are to help pilots understand these basic instruments and their importance for flight control and monitoring aircraft position, attitude, and airspeed.

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samrat pradhan
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55 views15 pages

Understanding Basic Airplane Instruments

This document provides an overview of basic airplane instruments, including their purpose and functions. It discusses how the pitot-static system measures airspeed, altitude, and vertical speed. Instruments like the airspeed indicator, altimeter, vertical speed indicator, horizontal situation indicator, and radio magnetic indicator are explained. Their displays are described and key details are provided, such as how indicators measure airspeed, climb rate, altitude, headings, and navigation points. The objectives are to help pilots understand these basic instruments and their importance for flight control and monitoring aircraft position, attitude, and airspeed.

Uploaded by

samrat pradhan
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Introduction
  • Objectives
  • Importance of Aircraft Instruments
  • Pitot-Static System & Instruments
  • Airspeed Indicator (ASI)
  • Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI)
  • Horizontal Situation Indicator
  • Radio Magnetic Indicator (RMI)
  • Conclusion

Basic Airplane

Instruments I
Er. Samrat Pradhan
Assistant Airworthiness Inspector
Flight Safety Standards
Department
CAA Nepal

OBJECTIVES:

After completion of this chapter, the candidate will be able


to understand the basic airplane instruments, their working
mechanism and its importance.

Why are aircraft


instruments required?

Instrument helps Pilot maintain control.

These instruments help Pilot to monitor an aircrafts


position attitude and airspeed rather than outside visual
references.

Pitot-Static System &


Instruments

PITOT TUBE

STATIC PORTS

Pitot-Static System &


Instruments

Airspeed Indicator (Pitot and Static)


Vertical Speed Indicator (Static)
Altimeter (Static)
Pitot Heat to prevent/melt ice

Static pressure
The ambient atmospheric pressure at any location is known
as the static pressure.
Pitot pressure
As an aircraft moves through the air it displaces the
surrounding air. As it moves forward it compresses the air
and there is a pressure increase on the forward-facing parts
of the aircraft. This pressure is known as dynamic pressure.

Pitot Pressure(P)or Total Pressure=Dynamic(D) + Static(S)

Dynamic Pressure=Pitot - Static

Airspeed Indicator (ASI)

Vso -stall w/ flaps


Vs1-stall w/o flaps
Vfe -max flap extend
Vno -max structural cruise
Vne -never exceed

ASI

Types of Airspeed:
1. Indicated (IAS)
2. Calibrated (CAS)
3. Equivalent (EAS)
4. True (TAS)
5. Groundspeed (GS)

Vertical Speed Indicator


(VSI)
The vertical speed

indicator (VSI) or vertical


velocity indicator indicates
whether the aircraft is
climbing, descending, or in
level flight.

The rate of climb or


descent is indicated in feet
per minute.

If properly calibrated, this


indicator will register zero
in level flight.

VSI

Rate of climb or descent in


feet per minute

Static pressure differential


instrument

Diaphragm exposed to
ambient pressure, but with
calibrated leak.

Horizontal Situation
Indicator
Thehorizontal situation indicator(commonly

called
theHSI) is anaircraftinstrument normally mounted below
theartificial horizonin place of a conventionalheading
indicator.

TheHorizontal Situation Indicator (HSI) is a combination


of VOR receiver, gyro compass ( Gyrosyn ) andglide slope
needle for the instrument landing system ILS.

On the HSI, the aircraft is represented by a schematic


figure in the centre of the instrument, theVOR/ILSdisplay
is shown in relation to this figure.

The HSI provides guidance birds-eye view for navigation.


There is the course , heading and bearing information
relative to a VOR , to control points on runways , or
marker points .

HSI

It consists of:
HeadingYellow hash mark at
the top, known as a "lubber
line" is your heading.
The compass rose
Heading bug
"TO" / "FROM" arrow
THE COURSE DEVIATION
INDICATOR (CDI)
The digital form of HSI is
called as Electronic
Horizontal Situation
Indicator(EHSI).

Radio Magnetic
Indicator(RMI)

The RMI is a navigational aid providing aircraft magnetic


or directional gyro heading and very high frequency
Omni
directional range (VOR), GPS, and automatic
direction finder (ADF) bearing information.

Remote indicating compasses were developed to


compensate for errors in and limitations of older types of
heading indicators.

The RMI consists of a compass card, a heading index,


two bearing pointers, and pointer function switches.

RMI

In Figure the green pointer is


indicating the station tuned
on the ADF.

The yellow pointer is


indicating the course to a
VOR of GPS waypoint.

Basic Airplane Instruments I Er. Samrat Pradhan Assistant Airworthiness Inspector Flight Safety Standards Department CAA Ne
OBJECTIVES: After completion of this chapter, the candidate will be able to understand the basic airplane instruments, thei
Why are aircraft instruments required? Instrument helps Pilot maintain control. These instruments help Pilot to monitor an
PITOT TUBE STATIC PORTS Pitot-Static System & Instruments
Pitot-Static System & Instruments Airspeed Indicator (Pitot and Static) Vertical Speed Indicator (Static) Altimeter (Stat
Static pressure The ambient atmospheric pressure at any location is known as the static pressure. Pitot pressure As an air
Airspeed Indicator (ASI) Vso -stall w/ flaps Vs1-stall w/o flaps Vfe -max flap extend Vno -max structural cruise Vne -never
ASI Types of Airspeed: 1. Indicated (IAS) 2. Calibrated (CAS) 3. Equivalent (EAS) 4. True (TAS) 5. Groundspeed (GS)
Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI) The vertical speed indicator (VSI) or vertical velocity indicator indicates whether the a
VSI Rate of climb or descent in feet per minute Static pressure differential instrument Diaphragm exposed to ambient pr

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