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Fundamental Chemical Concepts Explained

The document discusses fundamental chemical concepts including: - Burning hydrogen and showing the reactants and products in a chemical equation. - Defining elements as substances made of only one type of atom, and compounds as containing different types of atoms joined together. - Explaining that a chemical formula shows the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule using symbols. Several examples of molecular formulas are given. - Describing that elements like oxygen and hydrogen exist as pairs in their natural state, represented by O2 and H2 in formulas when they are not part of a compound.

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7 views21 pages

Fundamental Chemical Concepts Explained

The document discusses fundamental chemical concepts including: - Burning hydrogen and showing the reactants and products in a chemical equation. - Defining elements as substances made of only one type of atom, and compounds as containing different types of atoms joined together. - Explaining that a chemical formula shows the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule using symbols. Several examples of molecular formulas are given. - Describing that elements like oxygen and hydrogen exist as pairs in their natural state, represented by O2 and H2 in formulas when they are not part of a compound.

Uploaded by

api-26291674
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Fundamental Chemical Concepts

Burning Hydrogen
2H2 + 02 = 2H2O
Reactants Products
Elements and Compounds

Elements are substances which contain


Only one kind of atom
Compounds contain
Different types of atoms joined together
Chemical Formula

A group of atoms joined together is called a


Molecule.
The chemical formula shows you how many
atoms of each type there are in the molecule.
E.g. the formula of water shown above is
H2O
Chemical Formula

The black sphere represents an atom of


carbon
The white spheres represent atoms of
hydrogen. The formula is therefore
CH4
Chemical Formula

The red sphere represents an atom of carbon.


The blue spheres represent atoms of oxygen.
The formula of the substance is
CO2
Ethane

This is a model of the gas ethane which comes from


crude oil and is used as a fuel. The green spheres
represent carbon atoms and the silver spheres
represent hydrogen atoms. The formula for ethane is
therefore
C2H6
Elements which are Gases

Some elements, e.g. oxygen and hydrogen go


around in pairs so they are written O2 or H2. This
“pairing” only occurs when the element is on its
own not when it is part of a compound. So, for
instance, the formula for carbon monoxide is CO
Chemical Formula with Brackets

Ca (OH)2
OH

Means: Ca

OH
O
Cu (NO3)2 means
N O

Cu O
N O

O
QUESTIONS

ZnSO4

The number of atoms in a molecule of


this compound is
6
The number of elements in a molecule of
this compound is
3
QUESTIONS

Ca (OH)2

The number of atoms in a molecule of


this compound is
5
The number of elements in a molecule of
this compound is
3
QUESTIONS

CuCl2

The number of atoms in a molecule of


this compound is
3
The number of elements in a molecule of
this compound is
2
QUESTIONS

Mg (NO3)2

The number of atoms in a molecule of


this compound is
9
The number of elements in a molecule of
this compound is
3
Atomic Structure
The middle of an atom is
called
The nucleus
There are two particles in the
nucleus of an atom
Protons and
Neutrons
The particles whizzing round
the outside of the atoms are
Electrons
Particles in Atoms

-
0 +

Neutron Proton Electron


Atomic Structure

Some of the particles in an atom are charged; the proton is


Positive
The electron is
negative
Atoms are electrically neutral. i.e. they have
No charge
This is because there are the same number of
Protons (+) and electrons (-) in the atom
There is also a particle in the atom which has no charge. This
is the
neutron
Chemical Bonds

They stick
together
because they
have opposite
charges
Chemical bonds hold atoms together
Above is an example of an ionic bond
One atom has become positive by losing an
Electron
And one has become negative by gaining an electron
Chemical Bonds

Another type of chemical bond is formed when atoms


Share electrons. This is called a
Covalent bond

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