INTELLIGENCE
Language and Labels
Labels..
Can become a stigma that cannot be changed for
everyone.
Are mistaken for explanations
Disabilities and Handicaps
Disability the inability to do something specific such
as pronounce words or see or walk.
Handicap a disadvantage in certain situations such
as wanting to drive a car but you are blind. Still, you
can do other things like talking.
Person-first Language
Describing a complex person with one or two words
implies that the condition is the most important
aspect of the person.
Ex. Students with learning disabilities
NOT learning-disabled students.
Intelligence
The capacity to learn (1), the total knowledge a
person has acquired (2) and, to adapt successfully to
new stimulations and to the environment in general
(3).
the ability to reason deductively or inductively, think
abstractly, use analogies, synthesize information, and
apply to the new domains (Kanazawa, 2010).
What is intelligence?
Charles Spearman
- Mental energy (g) is used to perform in any mental test.
But, it needs specific abilities also. So, g + task-specific
abilities.
Raymond Cattell and John Horn
- Theory of Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence
- Fluid Intelligence, mental efficiency and reasoning ability.
- Crystallized Intelligence, ability to apply the problemsolving methods appropriate in your cultural context.
Howard Gardners Multiple
Intelligences (MI)
Intelligence
End States
Core Components
Logical-Mathematical
Scientist, Mathematician
Sensitivity to, and capacity
to discern, logical or
numerical patterns, ability to
handle long chains of
reasoning.
Linguistic
Poet, Journalist
Sensitivity to the sounds,
rhythms, and meanings of
words, and sensitivity to the
different functions of
language
Musical
Composer, Violinist
Abilities to produce and
appreciate rhythms, pitch,
and timbre; appreciation of
the forms of musical
expressiveness
Spatial
Navigator, Sculptor
Capacities to perceive the
visual-spatial world
accurately and to perform
transformations on ones
initial perceptions
Body-Kinaesthetic
Dancer, Athlete
Abilities to control ones
body movements and to
handle objects skillfully.
Interpersonal
Therapist, Salesman
Capacities to discern and
respond appropriately to the
moods, temperaments,
motivations, and the desires
of other people.
Intrapersonal
Persons with detailed,
accurate self-knowledge
Access to ones own feelings
and the ability to
discriminate among them
and draw on them to guide
behavior, knowledge of
ones won strengths,
weaknesses, desires and
intelligence.
Naturalist
Botanist, Farmer, Hunter
Abilities to recognize plants
and animals, to make
distinctions in the natural
world, to understand
systems and define
categories.
Lesson for the teachers:
1. to use the theory better, focus on the six-entry points narrative, logical-quantitative,
aesthetic, experiential, interpersonal and existential/foundational.
2. they should take the individual differences among students seriously and differentiate
their instructions to connect with each student.
3. any discipline, skill, or concept should be taught in several appropriate ways (not the 8
ways everytime).
Robert Sternbergs Triarchic
Theory of Successful Intelligence
Elementary Information Processes, classified by the functions that serve and by how
general they are.
1st function (a) higher-order planning, strategy selection, and monitoring; performed
by metacomponents.
2nd function (b) implementing the strategies selected; handled by performance
components such as taking notes to focus attention in class.
3rd function (c) gaining new knowledge; performed by knowledge-acquisition components
like separating relevant from irrelevant information as you try to understand a new concept.
Applying a, b and c, allows individuals to solve problems in different situations and
develop the; A. Analytic Intelligence, applying these components to situations with
relatively familiar problems. B. Creative Intelligence, necessary to cope with new
experiences using B1. insight, deal with the novel situations and find solutions. B2.
automaticity, to become more efficient and automatic in thinking and problem solving.
Practical Intelligence choosing the environment in which you can succeed, adapting
to that environment and perhaps, reshape if needed.
Measuring Intelligence
IQ = Mental Age/Chronological Age x 100, the Stanford-Binet test has been revised
5 times.
WHAT DOES AN IQ SCORE MEAN?
-designed to have certain statistical characteristics.
GROUD VS INDIVIDUAL IQ TEST
-In individual test, the trained psychologist administers one student. The test
takes about 2 hours and most of the questions are asked orally.
-In group test, the students may do poorly because of some issues like they feel
distracted, or breaking their pencils, etc.
The Flynn Effect
After several years since IQ test was introduced, the scores in 20 different countries
have been rising and in a generation, the average score goes up by 18 points on
standardized IQ test.
Intelligence and Achievement
People with higher intelligence tend to complete more years in school and to have
higher-status job. However, if the number of years is held constant, the correlation
between IQ scores, income, and success in late life decreases.
Gender differences in Intelligence,
Heredity and Environment
The test were designed to reduce gender differences but the scores of male is
slightly more a variable. They are better on test that requires mental rotation of
figure in space prediction of the trajectories and moving object.
Heredity plays a big factor in a childs intelligence, as well as the environment.