#COMPUTER GENERATIONS#
Presented by:
Rashmi Ranjan Malla
PGDM-RM(09-11)
#INTRODUCTION#
#Generation of computers provide a framework
for the growth of the computer industry.
#We can observe major development of
technologies during the generations.
# Up to now there are 5 generation of
computers.
FIRST GENERATION(1942-1955)
#They were the fastest calculating device of
their time.
#They were too bulky in size, requiring large
rooms for installation.
#They were made of vacuum tubes.
#Due to presence of number of vacuum tubes
they emitted large amount of heat so the
rooms in which they were being kept were
properly air conditioned.
Vacuum tubes
ENIAC
#The power consumption of these computers
were very high due to the presence of more
than ten thousand vacuum tubes(half watt of
power for each vacuum tube).
#Use of filaments in the vacuum tubes made
these computers prone to hardware failure.
#Thousands of components had to be assembled
manually so commercial production of these
computers was very difficult and costly.
#EXAMPLES:ENIAC,EDVAC,EDSAC….
SECOND GENERATION(1955-1964)
#In place of vacuum tubes transistors were used.
#They were much easier to handle than the tubes
as they were made of germanium
semiconductor material.
#Operation was very much faster than the tubes.
#They were smaller and less expensive.
#They consumed less power and emitted less
heat.
TRANSISTOR
HONEYWELL-300
#Memory of these computers was composed of
magnetic cores. Magnetic tapes and magnetic disks
were the main secondary storage of these
computers.
#High level machine languages like FORTRAN,COBOL
were developed during this generation so these
computers were easier to program.
#They were more reliable and less prone to hardware
failures.
Example:Honeywell-400,IBM-7030,CDC-1604…….
THIRD GENERATION(1964-1975)
#They were much more powerful than the second
generation computers performing about 1 million
instructions per second.
#They were much smaller than second generation
computers.
#They were made of integrated circuits which
consisted of transistors ,resistors and capacitors
grown on a single silicon chip.
#They consumed less power and dissipated less
heat than second generation computers.
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
PDP-8
#They were more reliable and less prone to hardware
failures.
#They had faster and larger primary and secondary
storage as compared to second generation computers.
#Commercial production of these systems was cheaper
and easier.
#Standardization of high level programming language
allowed programs written for one computer to be
easily ported to and executed on another computer.
Example:IBM 360\370,PDP-8,PDP-11………
FOURTH GENERATION(1975-1989)
#In these computers all the electronic
components were integrated on a single chip
called ”Micro processor” .
#Micro processor contained all the circuits
needed to perform arithmetic logic and control
functions.
#Magnetic core memories were replaced by
semiconductor memories resulting in large
random access memories and fast access time.
MICROPROCESSOR
#Local area network(LAN),Wide area network(WAN) were
used for data transferring.
#These computers were smaller and cheaper than the
mainframes or minicomputers of the third generation.
#They consumed less power and dissipated less heat so no
air-conditioning was required.
#They had faster and larger primary and secondary storage
as compared to third generation computers.
#Graphical User Interface(GUI) enable new users to quickly
learn how to use computers.
#Example: IBM Pc, Apple ii, TRS 80……
FIFTH GENERATION(PRESENT)
#These are computers having very powerful
microprocessor and increased size of memory.
#During this generation optical disks emerged as
a popular portable mass storage device.
#These are much more smaller than the pc of the
fourth generation.
#They are very powerful but consume less power
than the computers of fourth generation
IBM NOTEBOOK
#They are more reliable and less prone to hardware
failures than their predecessors.
#They have faster and larger primary and secondary
storage.
#Use of standard high level language allows program
written for one computer to be easily ported to and
executed on another computer.
#Newer and more powerful applications like multimedia
make the systems useful in every occupation.
#Example: IBM notebooks, Pentium pc, PARAM 10000
JOB EXECUTION
SLIDE PREPARED BY: Rashmi Ranjan
Malla
DATA COLLECTED BY: Rashmi Ranjan Malla
BOOK REFERRED: Computer Fundamentals
(PRADEEP K SINHA)
(PRITI SINHA)
THANK YOU