Inspection of Piping Systems
( In-Service)
API 570 Code
API
570 Code
Inspection, Repair, Alteration & Rerating of in-Service
Piping Systems
API: American Petroleum Institute
Code: Means that it is a mandatory (Jurisdictional requirement) to be followed
(in USA & CANADA)
Inspection: QC Functions performed by the owners inspector or inspectors delegates
Repair: The work necessary to restore a piping system to a condition suitable
for safe operation at the design condition.
Alteration: A physical change in any component that has design implications
affecting the pressure containing capability or flexibility of a piping system
beyond the scope of its design.
Rerating: A change in either or both the design temperature or the maximum
allowable working pressure of a piping system. A rerating may consist of an
increase, a decrease, or a combination of both. Rerating below original design
conditions is a means to provide increased corrosion allowance.
Position Measurements
Piping System:
An assembly of interconnected piping, subject to the same
design
conditions .
On-Stream: Piping Containing any amount of
process fluid
Off-Stream: Piping While in Shut-Down ( No
process fluid contained in the piping )
Reasons For Inspection:
The primary purpose of inspection is to identify active deterioration
mechanisms & causes of deterioration to specify repair,
replacement or future inspections to prevent or retard further
damage.
Inspection of Piping
Systems
Proximity
Transducer
Piping Inspection
During Construction
(fabrication & Installation )
ASME B31.3
( Process Piping )
ASME B31.1
( Power Piping )
In-Service inspection
( On-Stream & Of-Stream )
Considering Risk
Ref. to API 580&581
Considering Consequenc
of failure only
Ref. to API 570 & 574
When Could API 570 Be
applied??
Scope
Intent
For Petroleum refining
& Chemical process
Industries (Services included are:)
Limitations
Excluded & Optional
Piping systems
Raw, Intermediate
& finished products
H2,NG, FG, sour water
& FL systems
Any fluid service acc.
The owner/user option
Packages, Heaters,
Boilers, Heat exchangers
Plumbing, sanitary sewers,
Less than NPS
Nonmetallic piping &
Glass-Lined Piping
Objectives of Inspection
Inspection Objectives
Safe
Operating
Reliability
Efficiency
Saving Cost
Environment
What to Inspect For & Where ??
Each owner/User should provide specific attention to
the need for inspection of piping systems that are
susceptible to specific types & area of deterioration.
Areas & Types of
Deterioration
Susceptible Areas
& Types of deterioration
Areas of more concern
Of inspection
Injection Points
Deadlegs
Types of deterioration
Corrosion Under
Insulation (CUI )
Soil-To-Air
Interfaces (S/A)
Areas & Types of
Deterioration
Deteriorations Related
To piping Systems
Erosion &
Corrosion/Erosion
Creep cracking
Fatigue Cracking
Areas & Types of
Deterioration
Deteriorations Related
To Piping Systems
Corrosion Beneath
Lining & deposits
Environmental
cracking
Brittle Fracture &
Freeze Damage
Areas of Deterioration
Injection Points
The greater of
12 upstream
or 3 times diameter
The lesser of
Second change
in direction
or 25 feet after
first change
Thickness
Measurement
Locations
(TML)
11
Areas of Deterioration Cont.
Deadlegs
Stagnant Flow
OR No Flow
Areas
High points
Low Points
Bypass
Vents
Drains
Prepared By: Eng. Osama Elsaadawy
12
Areas of Deterioration Cont.
Soil-To- Air Interfaces
S/A
6 Above ground
12 Under ground
13
Areas of Deterioration Cont.
Corrosion Under Insulation
CUI
Damaged or
unsealed
Insulation/Jacketing
& Penetrations,
Valves & fittings
Exposed to mist
From cooling
Towers / Exposed
To steam vents
Temp. of (-4 : 120)
for C.S.
& of (65 : 204)
for Aus. S.S
14
Areas of Deterioration Cont.
Erosion & Corrosion / Erosion
Down Stream
Of C.V. ,Orifice,
Down streams of
Pumps,
Compressors
Discharge
Points of flow
Directional
Changes OR
of turbulent flow
15
When to Inspect ??
Inspection Intervals
Jurisdictional
Requirements
Remaining
Life (API 570)
Service
Classes
(API 570)
RBI
Piping Service Classes Acc. API 570
Piping Classes
Class I
Flammable/
Auto refrigerate
& Rapidly
Vaporized
H2S greater 35 wt,
HF, C2,C3
& C4
Class II
Class III
Piping over or
adjacent to
water/public
17
Piping Service Classes Acc. API 570
Cont.
Class II
On-site
Strong Acids
& caustics
On-site
Hydrocarbons
Slowly
vaporize
H2, FG & NG
Piping Service Classes Acc. API 570
Cont.
Class III
Off-Site
Acids &
Caustics &
Remote Areas
Distillate product
Lines from & to
Storage & Loading
On-site
Hydrocarbons
Slowly
Vaporize & operating
Below Flash Point
How to Inspect for
Deteriorations ??
Types of Inspection & Surveillance
On-Stream
Inspection
External VT
Thickness
Measurements
Off-Stream
Inspection
Supplemental
Inspection
Vibration
Measurement
Types of Inspection &Surveillance
Cont.
Off-Stream Inspection
Internal VT
External VT
Thickness
Measurements
Material
Verification &
traceability
Types of Inspection & Surveillance Cont.
Supplemental
Inspection
Acoustic
Emission &
Leak Detection
Thermography &
Temp. Measurements
RT / UT for Weld / BM
Inspection
22
Notes
For more information about the detailed inspection for
piping systems components & deteriorations
mechanisms, Ref. to API RP 574 & API RP 579.
Pressure tests not normally conducted as part of a
routine inspection, But when conducted this will be
after completing a repair, alteration OR rerating.
23
Recommended Max.
Intervals For Inspection
Class I
Thickness Measurements
5 Years Max.
Visual Inspection
5 Years Max.
Recommended Max.
Intervals For
Inspection
Class II
Thickness Measurements
10 Years Max.
Visual Inspection
5 Years Max.
Recommended Max.
Intervals For
Inspection
Class III
Thickness Measurements
Visual Inspection
10 Years Max.
10 Years Max.
How To Use The Inspection
Findings ??
Inspection
API
Data Evaluation & Analysis
570 Recognize fitness -For- Service concepts foe Evaluating
In-service Degradations .
API
RP 579 provides general requirements & detailed assessment
for specific types of degradation that are referenced in API 570.
Inspection Data Evaluation & Analysis
Calculations For
Remaining Life
Calculation (RL)
Corrosion Rate (CR)
Determination
MAWP Determination
MAWP >= Design Pressure
Short Term Corrosion Rate (ST)
Long Term Corrosion Rate (LT)
28
Calculations Of CR, RL &
MAWP
LTCR
(mm) =
STCR
(mm) =
RL (years) =
- t
initial
actual
Time (years) between them
previous actual
Time (years) between them
actual required
Corrosion Rate (mm)
MAWP = 2SET/D >= Design Pressure
Repair, Alteration & Rerating
Repairs
Welding Repairs
( On-Stream)
Temporary Repairs
Non-welding Repairs
(On-Stream)
Permanent Repairs
Welded split sleeve /
Box Type enclosure
Insert Patches
( Flush Patches )
Split coupling /
Plate patch
(Fillet Welded)
30
Repair, Alteration & Rerating
Non-welding Repairs
(On-Stream)
Bolted Leak Clamps
Leak Sealing
Leak Dissipating
Devices
Rerating
Rerating
Derating (Decrease Rating)
Increase the Rating
Rating: Design Pressure & Temperature Ranges As well
As
Operating Pressure & temperature
32
Inspection Of Buried piping
Inspection of Buried Process Piping is deferent from
other process piping because significant external
deterioration can be caused by corrosive soil condition.
Types & Methods of Inspection
Types Of inspection & Intervals Of Inspection
Above-Grade Visual surveillance
Each 6 months intervals (Visual)
Close-Internal Potential Survey
5 Yrs intervals
Pipe coating Holiday Survey
Soil Resistivity
(Corrosivity measurement each 5 Yrs)
Cathodic protection Monitoring
(Ref. to API RP 651)
Internal Inspection
External Inspection
(Excavation & Thickness Measurements)
Leak Testing
Frequency Of Inspection For Buried Piping
Without Effective Cathodic protection
Cathodically Protected Line
Ineffective C.P
Excavation For
Thickness measurement
Without C.P
Leak Test For C.P Lines
(as alternation)
Soil Resistivity (Ohm/cm)
< 2000 each 5Yrs
Bet. 2000 to 10000 each 10 Yrs
> 10000 each 15 Yrs
Frequency Of Inspection For Buried Piping
Without Effective Cathodic protection
Frequency
Leak Test For C.P Lines
(as alternation)
Soil Resistivity (Ohm-cm)
Leak test For
Lines Without C.P
Soil Resistivity (Ohm-cm)
< 2000 each 5Yrs
Bet. 2000 to 10000 each 10 Yrs
> 10000 each 15 Yrs
< 2000 each 2.5Yrs
Bet. 2000 to 10000 each 5 Yrs
> 10000 each 7.5 Yrs
