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Understanding Elements and Their Properties

1) Elements are the basic building blocks of all matter and cannot be broken down further by chemical methods. Each element consists of only one type of atom. 2) There are over 116 known elements, which are classified in the Periodic Table according to their properties. Elements can be classified as metals or non-metals based on properties like conductivity, appearance, strength, and melting points. 3) When elements combine, they form compounds or mixtures. Water is a compound made of the elements hydrogen and oxygen combined in a 2:1 ratio, though individually hydrogen and oxygen are gases.

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13 views18 pages

Understanding Elements and Their Properties

1) Elements are the basic building blocks of all matter and cannot be broken down further by chemical methods. Each element consists of only one type of atom. 2) There are over 116 known elements, which are classified in the Periodic Table according to their properties. Elements can be classified as metals or non-metals based on properties like conductivity, appearance, strength, and melting points. 3) When elements combine, they form compounds or mixtures. Water is a compound made of the elements hydrogen and oxygen combined in a 2:1 ratio, though individually hydrogen and oxygen are gases.

Uploaded by

Ping Hui
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Secondary One Chemistry 2015

Elements

Syllabus Objectives
1. Recognise that substances can be
classified as elements, compounds
and mixtures
2. Distinguish among elements,
compounds and mixtures
3. State that elements are the basic
building blocks of living and nonliving matter
4. Recognise that elements are classified
according to their properties
2

What are elements?


1. Elements are the basic building
blocks of all matter (living and nonliving things).

What are elements?


Earth crust is made
of up these
elements:

The human body is


made of up these
elements:

What are elements?


2. An element is a pure substance that
cannot be broken down into
simpler substances by chemical
methods.
3. Each element consist of only one
type of atom.

Which particulate diagram represents the


element iron? Explain why.

It consists of one
type of atom
only.

Which particulate diagram represents the


element chlorine? Explain why.

It consists of one
type of atom only.

The Periodic Table of


Elements

1. How many elements are there?


- 116 known elements
- 92 occur naturally, 24 are man-made
2. How do we know what are the
elements?
- All the discovered elements are
classified into a table called the
Periodic Table.

The Periodic Table of


Elements

The Periodic Table of Elements


The names of elements are
represented by chemical symbols.

As we move from left to right


along a period, the properties
of elements gradually change
from metals to non-metals.

Exercise 1
Use the Periodic Table to complete the table
below.
Element
Chemical
Symbol
Silver
Lithium
Neon
Magnesium
Sodium
Lead
Tungsten

Ag
Li
Ne
Mg
Na
Pb
W

How can we classify


elements?

1. Classifying elements by state (at


room temp)

Solids (e.g.: sodium, magnesium)

Liquids (e.g.: mercury, bromine)

Gases (e.g.: oxygen, chlorine)


12

How can we classify


elements?
2. Classifying elements as metals and
non-metals
Property

Metals

Non-metals

Electrical
conductivity

good

non-conductors

Appearance

shiny

dull

Strength

strong and hard

weak and soft

Durability

malleable and
ductile

brittle and break


easily

Thermal
conductivity

good

poor

Density

high

low

Melting and
boiling points

high

low
13

What happens when


different elements combine
together?
When different types of elements combine
together, they form new substances.

Plants give
out oxygen

Oxygen combines with


element silicon to form
sand.

Oxygen combines with


element hydrogen to
form water.
14

Exercise 2
The following substances are made of
different elements combined together.
Complete the following table.
Substance
Water
Carbon
dioxide
Glucose
Common
Salt

Elements making up the


substance
hydrogen, oxygen
oxygen, carbon
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen
sodium, chlorine
15

Exercise 3
Water is broken down into hydrogen and
oxygen when an electric current is passed
through it.

16

a) From the experiment, is water an element?


Water can be broken down
into simpler substances which is oxygen
and hydrogen.
b) What elements does water contains?
Oxygen and hydrogen
c) Deduce the ratio of elements that form
water.

The ratio of

oxygen : hydrogen is 1:2.

17

d) Compare the physical properties of water


with the physical properties of its
constituent elements?
Oxygen and hydrogen are gases while
water is a liquid.

18

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