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Understanding Disasters and Management

This document provides an introduction to disasters, including definitions of key terms like hazard, vulnerability, and capacity. It describes different types of natural and manmade disasters and their general effects. The scale of a disaster depends on several factors like intensity, duration, population density, and vulnerability. The number and impact of disasters is increasing due to growth in population and infrastructure. The aims of disaster management are to reduce potential losses, provide assistance to victims, and enable rapid recovery. The disaster management cycle includes prevention/mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Key stakeholders in disaster response are people, local governments, and different government departments along with NGOs. Preparedness aims to minimize adverse effects through precautionary actions and

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9 views16 pages

Understanding Disasters and Management

This document provides an introduction to disasters, including definitions of key terms like hazard, vulnerability, and capacity. It describes different types of natural and manmade disasters and their general effects. The scale of a disaster depends on several factors like intensity, duration, population density, and vulnerability. The number and impact of disasters is increasing due to growth in population and infrastructure. The aims of disaster management are to reduce potential losses, provide assistance to victims, and enable rapid recovery. The disaster management cycle includes prevention/mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Key stakeholders in disaster response are people, local governments, and different government departments along with NGOs. Preparedness aims to minimize adverse effects through precautionary actions and

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Introduction to Disasters

Designed By:
Sonia Sharma

Speaker:
Navinderjit Kaur

Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences


Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

What is Disaster?
An event natural or manmade, sudden or progressive,
which impacts with such
severity and causes
widespread human, material,
or environmental losses, that
it becomes beyond the local
capacity to manage and
effected community has to
respond by taking
exceptional measures!

Important Terms in Disaster


Hazard: Physical event that can potentially
trigger a disaster.
Disaster proneness: Likelihood of a
location being affected by a disaster.
Vulnerability:
Degree
to
which
communities are susceptibility to loss,
damage, suffering and death in the event of
disaster.
Capacity:
Resources
of
country/
communities to cope with a threat of a
hazard.

Types of Disaster
Natural Disasters Manmade Disasters
Flood
Setting of fires
Cyclone
Epidemic
Drought
Deforestation
Earthquake
Prawn cultivation
Cold wave
Chemical pollution
Thunderstorms Wars,accidents
Heat waves
Food poisoning
Mud slides
Industrial crisis
Storm
Environmental
pollution

General Effects Of Disaster


HAZARD

Damage
Potential

Elements at Risk

Natural Features
River/Stream
Banks
Low-lying Areas
Sea & Sea-coast
Slopes of hills

Societal Elements
People & Live-stock
Huts & Semi-permanent
Houses
Weak Buildings
Agri. & Horticultural crops
Livelihood tools /
Equipment
Unsecured personal assets
Public Infrastructure

Scale of Disaster
Is Dependent on :

Lead Time Available.


Intensity of Hazard.
Duration.
Spatial Extent.
Density of Population & Assets.
Time of Occurrence.
Vulnerabilities existing in the Elements at Risk.
Hazard x Vulnerability = Disaster

Why Disaster is Concern?


The significance of disaster
in todays environment is
that number, cost and
impact of disasters are
showing rising trends. This is not because
there are more earthquakes or any other
type of other extreme events, but because
there more people, infrastructure, flora and
fauna in the path of natural hazards and
man-made catastrophes.

Human Lives lost due to


Natural Disasters

25%

1%

Aims of Disaster
Management
Reduce (avoid, if possible) the potential
losses from hazards.
Assure prompt and appropriate assistance to
victims when necessary.
Achieve rapid and durable recovery.

Disaster Management Cycle

Development

Response and
Relief
Active control rooms and
issue situation reports
Implement
disaster
Management Plans
Detail search and rescue
teams with medical support.
Mobilizing resources.
Setting
up
community
kitchens.
Temporary shelters.
Disposal of dead.

Disaster Response
Activities
Warning
Evacuation/Mitigation
Search and Rescue
Assessment
Emergency Relief
Logistics and Supply
Communication and
information
Management
Survivor Response and
coping
Security
Expedite rehabilitation
and reconstruction.

Recovery and
Rehabilitation
Removal of debris and
sanitization.
Making community aware of
health and safety measures.
Restoring essential services
like water, electricity and
communication links.
Providing temporary shelters.
Providing relief.
Restoring employment
opportunities.
Reconstruction of new
buildings and repair damage
ones.

Prevention and Mitigation


Preventing vital
infrastructure and
habitation zones.
Land use planning.
Disaster resistant
buildings.
Community awareness and
education.
Retrofitting weak buildings.
Follow building laws.

Disaster Preparedness
Disaster preparedness aims at
minimizing the adverse
effects of a hazard
through effective precautionary actions .
Ensure timely, appropriate and efficient organization and
delivery of emergency response following the impact of a
disaster.
Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping to include Resources.
Assess strengthening requirements and execute.
Funding for preparedness must be arranged.
Create lead time by interpreting Warnings
Plan to include movement of resources with time frame.
Aim to reduce the destructive potential of cyclones, timely &
appropriate relief to victims and quick & durable recovery

Role Players in Disasters

People : Individuals, Volunteers

Gram Panchayat : Sarpanch, Panchayati Secretary,


Panchayati Members

Village Elders : Caste/Community/Religious Leaders,


Teachers, Doctors, Engineers, Retired Army & Police
Personnel

Govt. Deptt. Officers : Agriculture, Medical, Engineers


Housing, Roads & Buildings, Irrigation, Revenue
Department, Public Health, Police etc. NGOs

"Each of us as human beings has a


responsibility to reach out to help our
brothers and sisters affected by
disasters. One day it may be us or
our loved ones needing someone to
reach out and help.
Michael W. Hawkins,
American Red Cross

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