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Java Methods and Access Specifiers Guide

This document covers several Java concepts including methods, access specifiers, static, and final. The goals are to understand method argument passing, methods that return objects, the public and private access specifiers, static variables and methods, and the final keyword applied to classes, variables, and methods. Static members are shared across all instances of a class and can be accessed via the class name instead of an object. The main method must be static so it can be called before object instantiation. Final variables and methods cannot be overridden or reassigned once set.

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15 views23 pages

Java Methods and Access Specifiers Guide

This document covers several Java concepts including methods, access specifiers, static, and final. The goals are to understand method argument passing, methods that return objects, the public and private access specifiers, static variables and methods, and the final keyword applied to classes, variables, and methods. Static members are shared across all instances of a class and can be accessed via the class name instead of an object. The main method must be static so it can be called before object instantiation. Final variables and methods cannot be overridden or reassigned once set.

Uploaded by

Ghuru
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

UNIT- I

CHAPTER IN BOOK- 7
PART- II
-K. Indhu

SYLLABUS COVERED HERE


Methods:- Argument Passing into
Methods
Methods Returning Objects
Introducing Access Specifier-public,
private
Understanding static
Understanding final

K. INDHU

GOALS
1.
2.
3.
4.

Methods:- Argument Passing into Methods


Methods Returning Objects
Introducing Access Specifier- (i) public, (ii) private
Understanding1. Static Variable,
2. Static Method,
3. Static Block

5. Example Programs for Static Members


6. Understanding1. Final Class,
2. Final Variable,
3. Final Method.

K. INDHU

ARGUMENT PASSING- CALL BY


VALUE

K. INDHU

ARGUMENT PASSING BY
REFERENCE

K. INDHU

METHOD RETURNING OBJEC

K. INDHU

RECURSION POSSIBLE IN JAVA

K. INDHU

INTRODUCING ACCESS
SPECIFIERS

K. INDHU

INTRODUCING ACCESS
SPECIFIERS

K. INDHU

UNDERSTANDING STATIC

At time we will want to define a class member that will be


used independently of any object of that class.

However, it is possible to create a member that can be


accessed thru class without thru object.

To create such a member, precede its declaration with the


keyword static.

We can declare both methods and variables to be static.

The most common example of a static member is main( ).

main( ) is declared as static because it must be called


before any objects exist.
K. INDHU

JAVA STATIC MEMBER

DEFINITION-> If you declare any variable/method with static modifier, it


is known static variable/method.

EXAMPLE->

MEANING->
(1) The static variable can be used to refer the common
property of all objects (that is not unique for each object).

(2) Shared Single Memory is allocated to static variable /


method, irrespective of how many objects are created.

(3) Static Variables/Methods can be accessed using Classname


as<class-name>.<static-variable-name>
<class-name>.<static-method-name>

static String companyname;


public void static main(String args[]){ }

ADVANTAGE-> STATIC VARIABLE SAVES MEMORY.


K. INDHU

REGARDING JAVA STATIC


Instance variablesMEMBER
declared as static are,
essentially, global variables.

Instead, all instances of the class share the


same static variable.

Methods declared as static have several


restrictions: They can only call other static methods.
They must only access static data.
They cannot refer to this or super in any
way.

K. INDHU

STATIC MEMBER EXAMPLE

K. INDHU

STATIC MEMBER
ANOTHEREXAMPLE

K. INDHU

REGARDING JAVA STATIC


WHY JAVA MAINMEMBER
METHOD IS STATIC?

=> (1) Because object is not required to


call static method.

=> (2) If it were non-static method, jvm


create object first then call main()
method.

=> (3) Creating object for main() will lead


the problem of extra memory allocation.
K. INDHU

STATIC BLOCK

K. INDHU

UNDERSTANDING FINAL

Declaring a variable as "final" prevents its


contents from being modified hence
forth.

We must initialize a final variable when it


is declared, itself.

Thus->
If you make any variable as final,
you cannot change the value of final
variable(It will be constant).
K. INDHU

FINAL VARIABLE EXAMPLE

K. INDHU

UNDERSTANDING FINAL
METHOD

K. INDHU

UNDERSTANDING FINAL CLASS

K. INDHU

UNDERSTANDING FINAL

Blank Final Variable is a final variable that is not initialized at


the time of declaration.

A blank final variable can be initialized only in constructor.

Once the blank final variable is initialized in constructor, it


can not be changed hence forth.

K. INDHU

SO FAR WE STUDIED
Methods:- Argument Passing into
Methods
Methods Returning Objects
Introducing Access Specifier-public,
private
Understanding static
Understanding final

K. INDHU

HAPPY
LEARNING!!!

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