Chapter 7:
Belt Drives and Chain Drives
CVT
Overview why used?
1.) Transfer power (torque) from one location to
another. From driver: motor,peddles,
engine,windmill,turbine to driven: conveyor belt,
back wheels/bike,generator rock crusher,dryer.
2.) Used to span large distances or need flexible xmission elements. Gear drives have a higher
torque capability but not flexible or cheap.
3.) Often used as torque increaser (speed reducer),
max speed ratio: 3.5:1. Gear drives?? Virtually
unlimited!
Applications? Show rust abrader, glove factory, draw sample drive of rust abrader, show slides from mechanism
book.
Sometimes
desirable to
have both
chain and belt
drive (Fig 7.1)
Belt: high
speed/low
torque
Chain: Low
speed/high
torque
Belts vs. Chains
Belts
Use When:
Speed:
Dis:
Advs
:
High Speed, Low T
2500 < Vt < 7000
ft./min.
Must design with
standard lengths, wear,
creep, corrosive
environment, slip,
temp., when must have
tension need idler
Quiet, flexible, cost
Chains
High T, Low Speed
V < 1500 ft./min.
Must be lubricated,
wear, noise, weight,
vibration
Strength, length
flexibility
Types of Belts:
a)V-belt most common
for machine design,
several types (Fig. 7.5
7.8)
Timing belt (c & d)
have mating pulleys to
minimize slippage
c) Pos retention due
to mating pulleys
d) Pos retention due
to increased contact
area
Flat belt
(rubber/leather) not
shown, run on tapered
pulleys
Add notes
Types of V-Belts
V-belt Drive Design
Process
Need rated power of the driving motor/prime mover. BASE sizing
on this.
Service factor based on type of driver and driven load.
Center distance (adjustment for center distance must be provided
or use idler pulley) nominal range D2 < C < 3(D2 + D1)
Power rating for one belt as a function of size and speed of the
smaller sheave
Belt length (then choose standard size)
Sizing of sheaves (use standard size). Most commercially available
sheaves should be limited to 6500 ft/min belt speed.
Belt length correction factor
Angle of wrap correction factor. Angle of wrap on smaller sheave
should be greater than 120 deg.
Number of belts
Initial tension in belts
Key Equations
Belt speed
(no slipping)
b
=
Speed
ratio =
D11 D22
R11 R22
2
2
1 D2
Pitch dias of
sheaves
Pitch
2 D1
dia in
inches
Belt speed
ft/min
rpm
D1n1
b
12
Key Equations
Belt
2
( D2 D1 ) 2
length:L 2C ( D2 D1 )
4C
Center
B B 2 32( D2 D1 ) 2
C
Distance:
16
Where,B 4 L 2 ( D2 D1 )
Recommended D2 < C <
3(D2+D1)
Note: usually belt length
standard (use standard belt
length table 7-2), then calculate C
based on fixed L
Key Equations cont
Angle of contact of belt on each
1 D2 D1
sheave
1 180 2 sin
2C
D2 D1
2 180 2 sin
2C
1
Note: Select Ds and Cs so maximum contact (1 + 2 =
180). If less then smaller sheave could slip and will need
reduction factor (Table 7-14).
V-Belt Design Example
Given: 4 cylinder Diesel runs @ 80hp, 1800
rpm to drive a water pump (1200 rpm) for less
than 6 hr./day
Find: Design V-belt drive
V-belt Design Example
Cont
1.) Calculate design power:
Use table 7-1(<6h/day, pump, 4 cyl. Engine)
Design Power = input power x service
factor
= 80 hp x 1.1
= 88 hp
V-belt Design Example
Cont
2.) Select belt type, Use table
7-9
Speed = 1800 rpm
Design Power = 88 hp
Choose
5V
V-belt Design Example
Cont
3.) Calculate speed ratio
SR = w1/w2
= 1800 rpm/1200 rpm
= 1.5
V-belt Design Example
Cont
4.) Determine sheave sizes
Choose belt speed of 4000 ft/min
(Recall 2500ft./min. < vb < 7000
ft./min)
12vb 12 * 4000
D1n1
vb
D1
8.488in
12
n1
*1800
So
D1 = 8.488in
D2 = SR * D1 = 1.5 * 8.488
D2 = 12.732in
V-belt Design Example
Cont
5.) Find sheave size (Figure 7-11)
Must find acceptable standard sheave 1, then
corresponding acceptable sheave 2
Engine
(D1)
8.4
8.4
8.9
X 1.5
12.6
12.6
13.35
Standard D2
12.4
13.1
13.1
Actual n2
1219
1154
1223
n1 D2
Dn
n2 1 1
n2 D1
D2
**All look OK, we will try the first one
V-belt Design Example
Cont
6.) Find rated power (use figure 7-11 again)
Rated Power = 21 hp
V-belt Design Example
Cont
Adjust for speed ratio to get total power/belt
Total power = 21hp +1.55hp = 21.55hp
V-belt Design Example
Cont
7.) Find estimated center distance
D2 < C < 3(D2+D1)
12.4 < C < 3 (12.4 + 8.4)
Notice using
standard sheave sizes
found earlier, not
calculated diameters
12.4 < C < 62.4
To provide service access will try towards
long end, try C = 40
V-belt Design Example
Cont
8.) Find belt length
2
( D2 D1 ) 2
L 2C ( D2 D1 )
4C
(4in) 2
L 2(40in) 1.57(20.8in)
112 .765in
4(40in)
V-belt Design Example
Cont
9.) Select standard belt length
Lcalc = 112.765
Choose 112
V-belt Design Example
Cont
10.) Calculate actual center distance
B 4 L 2 ( D2 D1 )
B 4(112 ) 6.28(20.8)
B 317.367"
B B 2 32( D2 D1 ) 2
C
16
317.367 317.367 2 32(4) 2
C
16
C 39.62"
V-belt Design Example
Cont
11.) Find wrap angle, small sheave
D2 D1
1 180 2 sin
2C
4
1
1 180 2 sin
2
(
39
.
62
)
1 174.2
V-belt Design Example
Cont
12.) Determine correction factors
C .98
C L .98
V-belt Design Example
Cont
13.) Calculate corrected power
Corrected Power C C L P
(.98)(.98)(22.5hp )
21.61hp
V-belt Design Example
Cont
14.) Belts needed
Design Power (hp)
# belts
Corrected Power/belt
88hp
# belts
4.07
21.61hp / belt
Use 4 belts!
V-belt Design Example
Cont
15.) Summary
D1=8.4
D2=12.4
Belt Length = 112
Center Distance =
39.62
4 Belts Needed
Chain Drives
Chain Drives
Types of Chains
Chain Drives
Roller Chain Construction (Most common Type)
Chain Design Process
1.)
2.)
3.)
# of sprocket teeth, N1 (smaller sprocket) > 17
(unless low speed < 100 rpm.)
Speed ratio = n1/n2
30 x Pitch Length < Center Distance < 50 x Pitch
Length
4.) Angle of contact of chain on smaller sprocket >
120
5.)
# sprocket teeth, N2 (longer sprocket) < 120
Chain Drives
Chain Drives Design
Example
Given:
Driver: Hydraulic Motor
Driven: Rock Crusher
ni = 625 rpm, 100 hp
no = 225 rpm
Find:
Design belt drive
Chain Drives Design
Example
1.) Design Power
DP = SF x HP
DP = 1.4 ( Table 7-8) x 100 hp
DP = 140 hp
Chain Drives Design
Example
2.) Calculate Velocity Ratio
ni N o
VR
no N i
n = speed
N = teeth
625rpm
VR
225rpm
VR = 2.78
Heavy Requirement!!
Chain Drives Design
Example
3.) Choose:
Size - (40, 60, 80)
(1in)
# Strands use 4
Required HP/chain =
140hp/3.3
42.42
N=
No
o
VR
2
.
78
hp/chain
Ni
80
25
No = 69.5 use 70 teeth
Number of
Roller Chain
Strands
Multiple Strand
Factor
1.7
2.5
3.3
3.9
4.6
Chain Drives Design
Example
Conclusion:
4 Strands
No. 80 Chain
Ni = 25 Teeth
No= 70 Teeth
Chain Drive Design
Example
Guess center distance: 40 Pitches
N 2 N1 ( N 2 N1 ) 2
L( pitches) 2C
2
4 2C
70 25 (70 25) 2
L( pitches) 2(40)
2
4 2 (40)
L = 128.8 pitches use 130 pitches
Chain Drives Design
Example
Actual Center Distance, C
1
N N1
C ( pitches) L 2
4
2
1
70 25
C ( pitches) 130
4
2
N 2 N1
L
75 25
130
8( N 2 N1 ) 2
4 2
8(70 25) 2
4 2
C = 40.6 use 40 Pitches