EMC311:Mechatronics
(2014/15)
CourseOutcomes
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identifythebasicelementusedinanelectricalactuationsystemandexplain
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andactuationsystemsusingPLCindevelopingatypicalmechatronicsystem
LearningOutcomes:
Attheendofthistopic,youshouldbeableto:
oAbletodescribeatypicalmechatronicsystem.
o Explainthetermmechatronics
o Abletodescribeatypicalmechatronicsystem.
o Identifythebasicelementsofaclosedloopsystem
Understandthisslides
Bolttexts:Topic/subtopics(e.g.,Whatismechatronics)
oPoint:informationaboutthetopic/subtopic
Pointstoponder
Blueitalictext:Emphasizedpoints
:activities
Green text : Answers
Disclaimer:Theslidesavailableintheelearningwebsitemayhavelimitedcontents
(e.g.,somemissingslides,missingactivitiesandanswers)whichwillbefullyshownduring
thelecture.
Whatismechatronics?
oThetermmechatronicsisusedfortheintegrationof
microprocessorcontrolsystems,electricalsystemsand
mechanicalsystems:
Mechanical
systems
Mechatronics
Electrical
systems
Microprocessorcontrol
systems
o "Mechatronicsrepresentsmorethanmechanicalandelectronics,
accordingtoCraig,aprofessorofmechanicalengineeringatMarquette
University.
o "Mechatronicsisreallyallaboutdesignofanyphysicalsystem,where
youintegratecontrols,electronics,andcomputersfromtheverystartof
thedesignprocess."
Mechatronics
Mechanical
systems
Electronic
systems
Electro
mechanics
Control
systems
Control
electronics
Mechanical
CAD
Computers
Digital
control
systems
Mechatronics
Mechanical
systems
Electronic
systems
Electromechanics
Control
electronics
Mechanical
CAD
Control
systems
Computers
Digital
control
systems
Mechatronicsintegratesotherareas,suchas:
o Sensorsandmeasurementsystems
o MEMs
o Driveandactuationsystems
o Microprocessorsystems
o Controlsystems
Examplesofmechatronicssystems
Hard disk drive*
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current/features/rightthe/[Link]
Washing machine
Autofocus camera
o Letsseehowautofocuscameraworks
o LegoMindstorms
Complex mechatronics enable the Nexans Spider remotely
operated underwater vehicle to prepare the sea floor for
pipelines running 3,000 feet under the ocean.
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current/features/rightthe/[Link]
Embeddedsystems
Embeddedsystemwheremicroprocessorsare
embeddedintosystems
Microprocessorcanbeconsideredasbeinga
collectionoflogicgatesandmemoryelementswhose
logicfunctionsareimplementedbymeansofa
software.
Microcontrollersmicroprocessorsusedincontrol
systemthatisequippedwithadditionalchipsfordata
storageandinput/outputports
Whatisthedifferencebetweena
microprocessorandamicrocontroller?
(Selfreading)
Systems
oAsystemcanbeconsideredasaboxwhichhasan
inputandanoutput:
MeasurementSystems
oAmeasurementsystemcanbeconsideredasablack
boxusedformakingmeasurements.
o Measurementsystemscanbeconsideredtobemade
upofthreeelements:
Display
system
Signal
conditioner
Sensor
Pleaseidentifythreemainelementsofanaltitude
measurementsystems?
Pleaseidentifythethreemainelementsofatensile
measurementsystems?
ControlSystems
oAcontrolsystemcanbeconsideredasablackboxthat
usestheinputtoregulatethetheoutput.
Controlsystemsuseto:
o Controlsomevariabletosomeparticularvalues.
o Controlthesequenceofevents.
o Controlthelogics.
o Infeedbackcontrol,signalsarefedbackfromthe
outputandcomparedtowhatisrequired,andthe
outputisadjustedaccordingly.
o Twobasicformsofcontrolsystem:Openloopand
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manuallycontrolledheatingsystem:
o Openloopsystems:Relatively
simple,lowcostbutinaccurate,
nocorrectionforerror
Controller
(person)
Hand
activated
o Closedloopsystems:Accurateinmatchingtheactualto
therequiredvalues,butmorecomplex,morecostly,
greaterchanceofbreakdown.
Controller
(person)
Automatically controlled heating system:
o Basicelementsofaclosedloopsystem
o Comparison element: Compares the required or
reference value of the variable condition being
controlled with the measured value of what is being
achievedandproducesanerrorsignal.
o Controlelement:Decideswhatactiontotakewhenit
receives an error signal. Control plans may be hard
wiredsystemsorprogrammablesystems
o Correction element: Produces a change in the
process to correct or change the controlled
condition.
o Processelement:Whatisbeingcontrolled.
o Measurementelement:Producesasignalrelatedto
the variable condition of the process that is being
controlled.
Identifyalltheelementsofthefeedbackcontrolsystem
shownintheblockdiagram.
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o Exampleofasimplecontrolsystemusedtomaintainaconstant
waterlevelinatank:
Identifythevariouselementsoftheclosedloopsystemshown
o A simple automatic control system for the speed of rotation
of a shaft:
Controlled variable:
Reference value:
Comparison element:
Error signal:
Control unit:
Correction unit:
Process:
Measuring device:
Learningpoints
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labelalltheelements.
Analoganddigitalcontrolsystems
o Basicelementsofadigitalclosedloopcontrolsystem.
Sequentialcontrollers
o Thetermsequentialcontrolisusedwhencontrolissuchthat
actionsarestrictlyorderedinatimeoreventdrivensequence.
o Suchcontrolcouldbeobtainedbyanelectricalcircuitwithsets
ofrelaysorcamoperatedswitcheswhicharewiredupinsucha
wayastogivetherequiredsequence.
o Sequentialcontrolexample:considerdomestic
washingmachine:
Programmablelogiccontroller(PLC)
o PLCmicroprocessorbasedcontrollerwhichuses
programmablememorytostoreinstructionsandto
implementfunctionssuchaslogic,sequence,timing
countingandarithmetictocontrolevents.
ExampleofcontrolsequenceusingPLC:
o Switchonpumptomoveliquidintotank.
o Switchoffpumpwhenaleveldetectorgivestheonsignal.
o Switchontheheater.
o Switchofftheheaterwhentemperaturesensorgiventheon
signaltoindicaterequiredtemperatureisreached.
o Switchonpumptoemptyliquidfromcontainer.
o Switchoffpumpwhenleveldetectorgivesonsignal.
Examplesofmechatronicsystems
o Thedigitalcameraandautofocus.
o No feedback control
Examplesofmechatronicsystems
o Thedigitalcameraandautofocus
o With feedback control:
Theenginemanagementsystem
o Synchronized by Hard-wired system via a timing belt
An engine control unit (ECU), also known as power-train control module
(PCM), or engine control module (ECM) is a type of electronic control unit
that determines the amount of fuel, ignition timing and other parameters an
internal combustion engine needs to keep running. It does this by reading
values from multidimensional performance maps (so called LUTs), using
input values (e.g. engine speed) calculated from signals coming from sensor
devices monitoring the engine. Before ECU's, air/fuel mixture, ignition timing,
and idle speed were directly controlled by mechanical and pneumatic
sensors and actuators.
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LEARNINGPOINTS
o NamethefourmaincomponentsofMechatronics.
o Whatismeantbyanembeddedsystem?
o Namethethreemainelementsofameasurementsystem.
o Whatisthemaindifferencebetweenopenloopand
closedloopsystems?
o Listthefivebasicelementsofaclosedloopsystem.
LEARNINGPOINTS
1. NamethefourmaincomponentsofMechatronics.
2. Whatismeantbyanembeddedsystem?
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system.
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closedloopsystems?
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Replacethemechanicalcontrolsystemwithan
electrical/electroniccontrolsystemforthetank
fillingsystemshown: