2o Ciclo de Palestras em Engenharia Civil-2003

12 de Novembro de 2003
Universidade Nova de Lisboa-Centro de Investigaao em Estruturas e Construo-UNIC

Push-over analysis for seismic

performance evaluation of RC frame
structures. Computer programs
Dr. C. G. Chiorean
Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Bolseiro na UNL/FCT, Lisboa, Portugal

Push-over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame structures. Computer programs

Outline
Part I.
Push-over analysis for seismic performance
evaluation of spatial RC frame structures
Part II.
Computer programs
NEFCAD Computer program for large deflection elasto-plastic
analysis of spatial frame structures
ASEP

Computer program for inelastic analysis of arbitrary

reinforced and composite concrete sections

Push-over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame structures. Computer programs

Seismic performance Inelastic Types

of analysis
Nonlinear dynamic analysis- time history (final solution)

Static Nonlinear analysis -Push-over Analysis (aproximative solution)

UN

Vb

Push-over Curve
Load vs Deflection

UN
Vb

Push-over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame structures. Computer programs

Key elements of the push-over analysis

Nonlinear static procedure: constant gravitational loads and

monotonically increasing lateral loads

Plastic mechanisms and P- effects: diplacement or arc length

control

Capacity curve: Control node displacement vs base shear force

Lateral load patterns: uniform, modal, SRSS, ELF force

distribution

Estimation of the target displacement: elastic or inelastic response

spectrum for equivalent SDOF system

Performance evaluation: global and local seismic demands with

capacities of performance level.

Push-over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame structures. Computer programs

Inelastic analysis models

Concentrated plasticity

Elastic

Plastic hinge

Elastic

Dimensionless plastic hinge

Interaction surface
Return mapping plasticity
algorithms
Computationally efficient but limited
accuracy

Distributed plasticity

Plastic zones

Plastic zones
Force-strain curves: quasi plastic hinge
approach
Stress-strain curves: fiber element approach
Plastic flow rules
High accuracy but computational expensive

Push-over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame structures. Computer programs

3D RC Fiber Beam Column Element

Steel

Concrete
j=IP5
IP3
iPI1

uj, Nj

vj, Tjy

xj,Mxj

IP4
X

IP2

Z
vi, Tiy

L/2
z
L/2

zj,Mzj

wj, Tjz

yi,Myi

Mz
N

ui, Ni

wi, Tiz
z

xi,Mxi

zi,Mzi

My

Flexibility-based nonlinear beam column element

Iterative method to compute inelastic response at cross-sectional level (inelasatic
flexural and axial rigidity)
Gradual yielding along the member length and within the cross sections
Distributed loads
Uniform or nonuniform (tapered) members

One element/
member

Variation of reinforcement bars along the member

Push-over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame structures. Computer programs

Inelastic analysis of cross-sections

y

(NA
)

u x y y x u

2x 2y

Arbitrary cross-sections under biaxial bending moments and axial force

Arc length icremental iterative method with tangent stiffness strategy
Greens theorem: domain integrals are evaluated in terms of boundary integrals
M-N- curves, N-Mx-My interaction diagrams and axial force ultimate curvature

Push-over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame structures. Computer programs

Model capabilities

Large deflection and large rotations

Geometrical local effects (P-) including bowing effect, shear deformations

Concentrated and distributed plasticity (fiber and M-N- aproaches)

Consistency between linear and nonlinear models (one element/member)

Local geometrical and material imperfections

Flexible (semi-rigid) and finite joints

Complete non-linear behavior (pre and post crtical response: snap-back

and snap-through)

Push-over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame structures. Computer programs

Case study (Six story RC frame building)

Elastic spectrum response: Type 1
Ground Type: A
Design ground acceleration: PGA=0.3g

Control node

Mass=40 (80) tones/level

60 x60
30 x50

Structural configuration
Push-over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame structures. Computer programs

Seismic force evaluation

Pushover loads mode 1 transv.

Pushover loads mode 1-longit

Effective modal mass=65%

Effective modal mass=76%

T1=1.5s

T1=1.27s

Base shear forces:

Transversal (mode 1): Fz= 348 kN
Longitudinal (mode 1):Fx= 482 kN
Push-over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame structures. Computer programs

Inelastic analysis data

Plastic hinge analysis
12000

Interaction N-M

12000

Plastic zone analysis

Unconfined concrete

10000

Axial force (kN)

10000

8000

6000

4000

8000

1625

6000
4000
2000

2000

0
0

200

400

-2000

600

800

1000

1200

0
0.00
-2000

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

Confined concrete

60x60cm

Ultim ate curvature

Bendi ng moment (kNm)

400.00

5000.00

Major axis
bending

350.00
4000.00

300.00
3000.00

820

Minor axis
bending

250.00
200.00

2000.00

1000.00

M ajor axis
bending

150.00

M inor axis
bending

100.00

30x50cm

50.00
0.00

0.00

100.00

200.00

300.00

400.00

0.00
0.00

-1000.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

Interaction surface equation:

My

M
py

0.20

Ultimate c urvature

Bendi ng Moment (kNm)

1. 6

Mz

M
zp

1.6

1 0

Stress-strain curves for concrete and

steel bars (Eurocodes)
7 Gauss-Lobatto IP/member

Push-over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame structures. Computer programs

Pushover analysis: Longitudinal direction

Plastic zone analysis

Plastic hinge analysis

One element/physical member

1.20

Pushover curves-Longitudinal direction

Aplied load factor

1.00

Plastic zone, Plim=1.12

Plastic hinge, Plim=1.11

0.80

0.60

0.40

0.20

0.00
0.00

20.00

40.00
60.00
80.00
Displacem ent X (cm)

100.00

120.00

Plastic hinge: CPU time: 1.5 min

(120 load cycles)
Plastic zone: CPU time: 8.3 min
(150 load cycles)

Push-over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame structures. Computer programs

Pushover analysis: Transversal direction

Plastic zone analysis
1.40

Plastic hinge analysis

Pushover curves-Transversal direction

Aplied load factor

1.20
1.00
0.80

Plastic zone, Plim=1.21

Plastic hinge, Plim=1.11

0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
0.00

20.00
40.00
60.00
Displacement Z (cm)

80.00

Push-over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame structures. Computer programs

Plastic zone analysis: Longitudinal direction

Bending moments

Flexural rigidities

Push-over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame structures. Computer programs

Plastic zone analysis: Transversal direction

Bending moments

Flexural rigidities

Push-over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame structures. Computer programs

Modal vs Uniform force distribution

1.40

Pushover curves-Transversal direction

1.20

Aplied load factor

1.00
Plastic zone (modal pattern), plim=1.21
Plastic zone (uniform acceleration), plim=1.19

0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
0.00

20.00

40.00
60.00
Displacement Z (cm)

80.00

Push-over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame structures. Computer programs

Modal vs Uniform force distribution

1.40

Pushover curves-Longitudinal direction

1.20

Aplied load factor

1.00

0.80

Plastic zone (modal pattern), Plim=1.12

Plastic zone (uniform pattern),Plim=1.28

0.60

0.40

0.20

0.00
0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

Displacement X (cm)

100.00

120.00

Push-over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame structures. Computer programs

Equivalent SDOF and target displacement

Push-over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame structures. Computer programs

Target displacements: transversal direction

1.40

Target displacements (Plastic zone)-Transversal direction

1.20
Dt=31.54 cm

Aplied load factor

1.00
Computed pushover curve (plastic zone)

0.80

Idealized elaso-perfectly plastic (EC8)

Dt=15.77 cm

0.60
Dt=7.80 cm

0.40
0.20
0.00
0.00

20.00

40.00
60.00
Displacement Z (cm)

80.00

Push-over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame structures. Computer programs

Target displacements: transversal direction

1.20

Target displacem ents (plastic hinge)-Transversal direction

29.83

Aplied load factor

1.00
14.91

0.80

Computed pushover curve (plastic hinge)

Idealized elasto-perfectly plastic (EC8)
PGA=0.15g

0.60
7.45

PGA=0.3g
PGA=0.6g

0.40
0.20
0.00
0.00

10.00

20.00
30.00
40.00
Displacement Z (cm)

50.00

60.00

Push-over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame structures. Computer programs

Target displacements: longitudinal direction

1.20

Target displacem ents (plastic zone)-Longitudinal direction

1.00

Aplied load factor

46.64 cm
0.80
Computed pushover curve (plastic zone)

23.3 cm

Idealized elasto-perfectly plastic (EC8)

0.60

PGA=0.15g

11.65 cm

PGA=0.3g

0.40

PGA=0.6g
0.20

0.00
0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

Displacement X (cm)

100.00

120.00

Push-over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame structures. Computer programs

Target displacements longitudinal direction

1.20

Target displacements (plastic hinge)-Longitudinal direction

1.00

45.08 cm

22.54 cm

Aplied load factor

0.80

Computed pushover curve (plastic hinge)

Idealized elasto-perfectly plastic (EC8)
PGA=0.15g

0.60

PGA=0.3g
PGA=0.6g

11.27 cm

0.40

0.20

0.00
0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

Displacement X (cm)

80.00

100.00

Push-over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame structures. Computer programs

Local seismic demands

Curvatures along the member length
0.0200

PGA=0.15g
0.0150

PGA=0.3g
PGA=0.6g

Curvatures

0.0100
0.0050
0.0000
0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

-0.0050
-0.0100
-0.0150

Member length (m)

Push-over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame structures. Computer programs

Local seismic demands

Curvatures along the member length
0.0010

Curvatures

0.0000
0.00
-0.0010

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

-0.0020
-0.0030

PGA=0.15g

-0.0040

PGA=0.3g
-0.0050

PGA=0.6g

-0.0060
-0.0070

Member length (m)

Push-over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame structures. Computer programs

Global seismic demands

PGA=0.15g

PGA=0.3g

PGA=0.6g

Dt=7.80 cm

Dt=15.77 cm

Dt=31.54 cm

Collapse
D=64.8 cm

Push-over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame structures. Computer programs

Plastic performance: Transversal direction

Plastic zone analysis
PGA=0.15g

PGA=0.3g

PGA=0.6g

Collapse

Push-over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame structures. Computer programs

Plastic performance: Transversal direction

Plastic hinge analysis
PGA=0.15g

2 PH

PGA=0.3g

7 PH

PGA=0.6g

Collapse

10 PH

13 PH

Push-over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame structures. Computer programs

Plastic performance: Longitudinal direction

Plastic zone analysis
PGA=0.15g

PGA=0.3g

PGA=0.6g

Collapse

Push-over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame structures. Computer programs

Plastic performance: Longitudinal direction

Plastic hinge analysis
PGA=0.15g

7 PH

PGA=0.3g

13 PH

PGA=0.6g

Collapse

15 PH

16 PH

Push-over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame structures. Computer programs

Concluding remarks

A computational efficient 3-D RC fiber beam-column element was

developed and implemented in a nonlinear inelastic analysis computer
program

Plastic hinge analysis: limited accuracy

A pushover example for spatial model was presented in conjunction

with EC8 provisions

Pushover analysis: good estimates of global and local inelastic

deformations demands

Limitations: for structures that vibrate primarily in the fundamental

mode

Overcomes: adaptive force distribution and modal pushover analysis

procedures

Nonlinear dynamic analysis: final solution

Push-over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame structures. Computer programs