Created By: Mohd Said B Te
Required Basic Mathematical Skills
Rounding off whole
numbers to a specified
place value
Round off 1 688 to the
nearest hundred
1 700
Round off 430 618 to the
nearest thousand
431 000
Round off 30 106 correct to
the
nearest hundred.
0
3 0106
0<5
Round off 14.78
to the nearest whole number
+1
15
4. 7 8
Add
4
Drop
allI to
thedigit
decimals
Understand !!
The first digit on the
!right is greater than 5
Required Basic Mathematical Skills
Rounding off whole
numbers to a
specified number of
decimal places
Express 1.8523 to
three decimal places
1.852
Express 0.4968 to
two decimal places
0.50
Round off 5.316
to 1 decimal place
5 . 3 1 6
Do not
The first digit on the
change
Underline
digit 3
right is less than 5
digit 3
st
(1 decimal place)
Round off 4.387
to 2 decimal places
+1
97
4.38
Addfirst
1 to digit on
The
Underline
digit 8
8
the right is more
(2 nd decimal
place)
than 5
Required Basic Mathematical Skills
Law of Indices
10m x 10n = 10m + n
10 10 = 10
m
m -n
Simplify the following
103 x 10-5
10-2
102 106
10-4
Very large and very small numbers are convenient
rounded off to a specified number of significant fi
The concept of significant figures is another way
of stating the accuracy of a measurement
Significant
figures refer to the relevant digits in an
or a decimal number which has been rounded off
a given degree of accuracy
Positive numbers greater than 1 c
rounded off to a given number of s
figures
The rules for determining the
number of significant figures in
a number are as follows:
All non-zero digits are significant
figures
2.73 has 3 significant figures
1346 has 4 significant figures
The rules for determining the
number of significant figures in
a number are as follows:
All zeros between non-zero are
significant figures
2.03 has 3 significant figures
3008 has 4 significant figures
The rules for determining the
number of significant figures in
a number are as follows:
In a decimal, all zeros after any
non-zero digit are significant
figures
3.60 has 3 significant figures
27.00 has 4 significant figures
The rules for determining the
number of significant figures in
a number are as follows:
In a decimal, all zeros before
the first non-zero digit are
not significant
0.0032 has 2 significant figures
0.0156 has 3 significant
figures
The rules for determining the
number of significant figures in
a number are as follows:
All zeros after any non-zero
digit in a whole number are not
significant unless stated other
wise
1999 = 2000 ( one s.f )
The rules for determining the
number of significant figures in
a number are as follows:
All zeros after any non-zero
digit in a whole number are not
significant unless stated other
wise
1999 = 2000 ( two s.f )
The rules for determining the
number of significant figures in
a number are as follows:
All zeros after any non-zero
digit in a whole number are not
significant unless stated other
wise
1999 = 2000 ( three s.f )
State the number of significant figures in
each of the following
(a)
4 576
(b)
603
(c)
25 009
(d)
2.10
(e)
0.0706
(f)
0.80
4
3
5
3
3
2
Method of rounding off to a specified number of sign
Identify the digit (x) that is to be rounded off
Is the digit after x greater than or equal to 5
YES
Add 1 to x
NO
x remains unchanged
Do the digit after x lie before the decimal point?
YES (BEFORE)
Replace each digit with zero
NO (AFTER)
Drop the digits
Write the number according to the specified number of signifi
Round off 30 106 correct to
three
significant figures.
0
3 0106
0<5
Round off 0.05098 correct to
three
significant figures.
1 0 +1
0. 0 5098
8>5
0 . 0 5 10 90 8
Round off 0.0724789 correct to
four significant figures.
+1
0. 0 724789
8>5
88 9
0. 0 7247
Complete the following table (Round off to)
Number
3 sig. fig.
2 sig. fig.
1 sig. fig.
47 103
47100
47000
50 000
20 464
20 500
20 000
20 000
1 978
1 980
3.465
3.47
2 000
3.5
2
0003
70.067
70.1
70
70
4.004
4.00
4.0
0.04567
0.0457
0.046
0.05
0.06045
0.0605
0.060
0.06
0.00078
0.0008
0.0007805
0.000781
We
usually use standard form for writing ve
very small numbers
standard form is a number that is written
product of a number A (between 1 and 10
a power of 10
A x 10n, where 1 A < 10, and n is an integer
Positive numbers greater than or equal
to 10 can be written in the standard form
A x 10n , where 1 A 10 and n is the
positive integer, i.e. n = 1, 2, 3,
Example58 000 000 = 5.8 x 107
Positive numbers less than or equal
to 1 can be written in the standard form
A x 10n , where 1 A 10 and n is the
negative integer, i.e. n = ..,-3, -2, -1
Example0.000073 = 7.3 x 10-5
Express 431 000 in standard form
Express the number as a product of
A (1 A < 10) and a power of 10
A
Power of 10
431 000 = 4.31 x 100 000
5
x
10
4.31
=
431 000 = 4 3 1 0 0 0
5
x
10
4.31
=
5 is the number of places, the decimal point
is moved to the left
Express 0.000709 in standard form
Express the number as a product of
A (1 A < 10) and a power of 10
Power of 10
A
1
0.000709 = 7.09 x
10000
1
= 7.09 x
4
10
-4
x
10
7.09
=
Express 0.000709 in standard form
0.000709 = 0 . 0 0 0 7 0 9
= 7.09 x 10-4
-4 is the number of places, the decimal point
is moved to the right
Write the following numbers in standard
form
NUMBER
8765
32154
6900000
0.7321
0.00452
0.0000376
0.0000000183
STANDARD FORM
8.765 x 103
3.2154 x 104
6.9 x 106
7.321 x 10-1
4.52 x 10-3
3.76 x 10-5
1.83 x 10-8
Number in the standard form, A x 10n , can be
converted to single numbers by moving the decimal
point A
(a) n places to the right if n is positive
(b) n places to the left if n is negative
Express 1.205 x 104 as a single number
3.405 x 10
=3 . 4 0 5 0
Move the decimal point 4 places to the right
=34050
Express 7.53x 10-4 as a single number
7.53 x 10
-4
= 0 0 00 7.5 3
Move the decimal point 4 places to the left
= 0.000753
Express the following in single numbers
STANDARD FORM
4.863 x 103
7.2051 x 104
4.31 x 106
5.164 x 10-1
1.93 x 10-3
2.04 x 10-5
9.16 x 10-8
NUMBER
4863
72051
4310000
0.5164
0.00193
0.0000204
0.0000000916
3.25 X 105 = 325000
-5
7.14 X 10 = 0.0000714
4537000 = 4.537 X 106
0.0000006398 = 6.398 X 10-7
325 X 105
6
32.5
X
10
=
7
3.25
X
10
=
8
0.325
X
10
=
431 X 10-8
-7
43.1
X
10
=
-6
4.31
X
10
=
-5
0.431
X
10
=
Two numbers in standard form can be added
or subtracted if both numbers have the same
index
MA R T
a x 10 + b x 10
m
=(a + b) x 10
m
a x 10 - b x 10
m
=(a - b) x 10
m
5.3 x 105 + 3.8 x 105
5
(5.3
+
3.8
)
x
10
=
5
9.1
x
10
=
7.8 x 10-2 - 3.5 x 10-2
-2
(7.8
3.5
)
x
10
=
-2
4.3
x
10
=
Two numbers in standard form with
difference indices can only be added or
subtracted if the differing indices are made
equal
4.6 x 106 + 5 x 105
6
6
4.6
x
10
+
0.5
x
10
=
6
(4.6
+
0.5
)
x
10
=
6
5.1
x
10
=
6.4 x 10-4 - 8 x 10-5
-4
-4
6.4
x
10
0.8
x
10
=
-4
(6.4
0.8)
x
10
=
-4
5.6
x
10
=
Calculate 3.2 x 104 6.7 x 103.
Stating your answer in standard
form.
3.2 x10 0.67 x10
4
(3.2 0.67) x10
2.53x10
0.0000398_
3.98x10
2.9 x10
0.29 x10
(3.98 0.29) x10
3.69 x10
When two numbers in standard form are
multiplied or divided, the ordinary numbers
are multiplied or divided with each other
While their indices are added or subtracted
MA R T
a x 10 x b x 10
m+n
=(a x b) x 10
m
a x 10 b x 10
m-n
=(a b) x 10
m
9.5 x 103 x 2.2 x 102
3
2
(9.5
x
2.2)
x
(10
x
10
)
=
3+2
20.9
x
10
=
5
20.9
x
10
=
6
2.09
x
10
=
7.2 x10
2
6 x10
7 .2
5 ( 2 )
x10
6
7
1.2 x10
Calculate 1.17 x 10-2 . Stating your answer in
3 x 106
standard form.
1.17
26
x10
3
8
0.39 x10
3.9 x10
3 2
Calculate (9.24 10 ) , expressing the answer
6 10 2
in standard form.
(9.24) 2 x10 3 x 2
6 x10 2
85.4
x10 6( 2 )
6
14.2 x10 4
1.42 x10 3
1 km2 = (1000 x 1000) m2
= (103 x 103) m2
= 106 m2
The area of a piece of rectangular land is
6.4 km2. If the width of the land is 1600 m,
calculate the length, in m, of the land
Length of the land = Area
Width
6.4 x10 6
1.6x103
6.4
x103
1.6
3
4 x10 m
Round off 0.05098 correct to
three
significant figures.
1
A
B
C
D
0.051
0.0500
0.0509
0.0510
+1
0
0. 0 5098
8>5
0 . 0 5 10 90 8
Round off 0.08305 correct to three significant
figures.
A
B
C
D
0.083
0.084
0.0830
0.0831
1 +1
0. 0 8305
5=5
05
0 . 0 8 31
Round off 30 106 correct to
three
significant figures.
A
B
C
D
30 000
30 100
30 110
30 200
0
3 0106
0<5
Express 1.205 x 104 as a single number
A
B
C
D
1 205
12 050
1 205 000
12 050 000
MODE
COMP
1
1 2 0 50
1
1 . 2 0
= 12 050
EXP
Express 4.23 x 10-4 as a single number
A
B
C
D
0. 423
0. 0423
0. 00423
0. 000423
4 . 2 3
= 0.000423
EXP
(-)
Express 52 700 in standard form.
A
B
C
D
5.27 102
5.27 104
5.27 102
5.27 x 10-4
52 700
5x
MODE
5
=
Sci
2
2
7
Sci 0 9 ?
5.27 x 104
3.2 x10 6900
4
A
B
C
D
3.89 x10 8
3.89 x10
4
1.01x10
8
1.01x10
3.2 x10 6900
4
3.2 x10 0.69 x10
4
(3.2 0.69) x10
3.89 x10
8.15x10
A
B
C
D
1.8x10
6.35x10 6
6.35x10
7
7.97 x10
6
7.97 x10
8.15x10
0.18x10
(8.15 0.18) x10
7.97 x10
2.96 x10
4 2
(4 x10 )
A
B
C
D
7.24 x10 5
7.24 x10
4
1.85x10 5
1.85x10
2.96 x10
16x10
2.96
-3(-8)
x10
16
5
0.185x10
1.85x10