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Understanding Wedges in Simple Machines

The document discusses the 6 simple machines: inclined plane, screw, lever, wedge, pulley, and wheel and axle. It provides examples of how each machine works and increases force or movement. Complex machines combine two or more simple machines, like the wheelbarrow which uses a lever and wheel and axle, or a bicycle with levers, gears, and a wheel and axle. Simple machines make work easier by multiplying the force applied or the distance an object is moved.

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281 views27 pages

Understanding Wedges in Simple Machines

The document discusses the 6 simple machines: inclined plane, screw, lever, wedge, pulley, and wheel and axle. It provides examples of how each machine works and increases force or movement. Complex machines combine two or more simple machines, like the wheelbarrow which uses a lever and wheel and axle, or a bicycle with levers, gears, and a wheel and axle. Simple machines make work easier by multiplying the force applied or the distance an object is moved.

Uploaded by

fiey_ra
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Introduction to Simple Machines
  • Inclined Plane
  • Screw
  • Wedge
  • First Class Lever
  • Second Class Lever
  • Third Class Lever
  • Pulleys
  • Wheel and Axle
  • Complex Machines
  • Advantages of Machines

The 6 Simple Machines

Inclined Plane

Screw

Pulley
Lever

Wedge

Wheel and Axle

Inclined Plane

Inclined Plane

The Egyptians used simple machines to build the


pyramids. One method was to build a very long
incline out of dirt that rose upward to the top of the
pyramid very gently. The blocks of stone were placed
on large logs (another type of simple machine - the
wheel and axle) and pushed slowly up the long,
gentle inclined plane to the top of the pyramid.

Inclined Planes
An inclined plane is
a flat surface that is
higher on one end
Inclined planes
make the work of
moving things easier

Screw

Wedges
Two inclined
planes joined
back to back.
Wedges are used
to split things.

First Class Lever

Fulcrum is between EF (effort) and RF (load)

First Class Lever


.

Common examples
of first-class levers
include crowbars,
scissors, pliers, tin
snips and seesaws.

Second Class Lever

RF (load) is between fulcrum and EF


Effort moves farther than Resistance.
Multiplies EF, but does not change its direction
The mechanical advantage of a lever is the ratio of the
distance from the applied force to the fulcrum to the
distance from the resistance force to the fulcrum.

Second Class Lever


Examples of

second-class
levers include
nut crackers,
wheel barrows,
doors, and bottle
openers.

Third Class Lever

EF is between fulcrum and RF (load)


Does not multiply force
Resistance moves farther than Effort.
Multiplies the distance the effort force travels
The mechanical advantage of a lever is the ratio of the
distance from the applied force to the fulcrum to the
distance of the resistance force to the fulcrum

Third Class Lever


Examples of

third-class
levers include
tweezers, arm
hammers, and
shovels.

Pulleys
Pulley are wheels
and axles
A pulley needs a
rope, chain or belt to
make it do work

Diagrams of Pulleys
Fixed pulley:

Movable Pulley:

A fixed pulley changes the


direction of a force;
however, it does not create
a mechanical advantage.

The mechanical advantage


of a moveable pulley is
equal to the number of
ropes that support the
moveable pulley.

COMBINED PULLEY
The effort needed to
lift the load is less
than half the weight
of the load.
The main
disadvantage is it
travels a very long
distance.

WHEEL AND AXLE

The axle is stuck


rigidly to a large
wheel. Fan blades
are attached to the
wheel. When the
axel turns, the fan
blades spin.

Wheel and Axel

The mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle is the


ratio of the radius of the wheel to the radius of the axle.

In the wheel and axle illustrated above, the radius of the


wheel is five times larger than the radius of the axle.
Therefore, the mechanical advantage is 5:1 or 5.
The wheel and axle can also increase speed by
applying the input force to the axle rather than a wheel.
This increase is computed like mechanical advantage.
This combination would increase the speed 5 times.

GEARS-Wheel and Axel

Each gear in a
series reverses the
direction of
rotation of the
previous gear. The
smaller gear will
always turn faster
than the larger
gear.

COMPLEX MACHINE

Has more than one simple machine.

Wheelbarrow (kereta sorong)

Lever
Wheel and axle

Bicycle

Lever
Gears
Wheel and axle

Egg beater (Pemukul telur)

Gear
Wheel and axle

Scissor

Lever
Wedge

Crane (Kren)

Lever
Pulley
Gear

Hand drill (Gerudi tangan)

Screw
Wedge
Wheel and axle

Advantages of machine
Help us to do work
Make work easier
Move heavy things
Easy to travel from one place to another

The 6 Simple Machines Lever Pulley Wheel and Axle Wedge Screw Inclined Plane
Inclined Plane
Inclined Plane The Egyptians used simple machines to build the pyramids. One method was to build a very long incline out
Inclined Planes An inclined plane is a flat surface that is higher on one end Inclined planes make the work of moving t
Screw
Wedges Two inclined planes joined back to back. Wedges are used to split things.
Fulcrum is between EF (effort) and RF (load) Effort moves farther than Resistance First Class Lever
First Class Lever .  Common examples of first-class levers include crowbars, scissors, pliers, tin snips and seesaws.
RF (load) is between fulcrum and EF Effort moves farther than Resistance. Multiplies EF, but does not change its direction
Second Class Lever Examples of second-class levers include nut crackers, wheel barrows, doors, and bottle openers.

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