Monitoring and controlling of electric power
system
EMS
SCADA
GENERATION
AND
TRANSMISSIO
N SYSTEM
DAC
DISTRIBUTI
ON SYSTEM
CONNECT
ED LOAD
Introduction
1)The main purpose of electric power system is to efficiently Generate, transmit
and distribute Electrical energy.
2)The energy Management System (EMS) exersises overall control over the total
system.
3)The Supervisory control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) System involves
generation
and transmission systems.
4)The Distribution Automation and Control (DAC) is an integrated concept of
digital
automation of distribution substation, feeder and user functions.
5)The DAC functions include control, protection, monitoring of distribution system
as well as load management and remote metering.
SCADA PURPOSE
To Provide the user with the capability to exercise
control over a specific device and confirm its
performance in accordance with the directed action.
To process those data for use by operator
Operator control of remote devices
SCADA systems consist of:
1)One or more field data interface devices, usually RTUs, or PLCs, which interface to
field sensing devices and local control switchboxes and valve actuators
2)A communications system used to transfer data between field data interface devices
and control units and the computers in the SCADA central host. The system can be
radio, telephone, cable, satellite, etc., or any combination of these.
3) A central host computer server or servers (sometimes called a SCADA Centre,
master station, or Master Terminal Unit (MTU)
4) A collection of standard and/or custom software [sometimes called Human Machine
Interface (HMI) software or Man Machine Interface (MMI) software] systems used to
provide the SCADA central host and operator terminal application, support the
communications system, and monitor and control remotely located field data interface
devices
SCADA FEATURES
Viewing of Real
time Data through
Dynamic Displays
Trend curves (four
at a time)
Manual Data entry
Alarm & Events
processing
Supervisory
control
Report Generation
FUNCTIONS OF SCADA
DATA ACQUISITION
SUPERVISORY CONTROL
ALARM PROCESSING
INFORMATION STORAGE AND REPORTS
DATA CALCULATIONS
SCADA Components
Field Instrumentation.
Sensors, devices to control.
Remote Terminal Units.
RTU Vs. PLC
Communications Network.
Equipment needed to transfer data to and from
different sites
Central Monitoring Station
Collecting information gathered by the remote
stations to generate the necessary action
Advantages Of SCADA
systems
Easily programmed or
reprogrammed
Easy maintained (self diagnostic).
Capability to do arithmetic function.
The ability to communicate with
other controller or a master host
computer.
PLCs. were able to move past
simple on/off control to more
complex schemes as PID control.
Applications Of SCADA
Almost every business in the
manufacturing sector and many in the
service sector
Aerospace
Bottling and Canning
Chemicals Plants
Petroleum, Petrochemical
Power generation and transmission\
Traction
INTEGRATED ULDC in NATIONAL GRID
NLDC
RLDCs
NRLDC
ERLDC
PONDY
TNEB
SRLDC
WRLDC
NERLDC
KARNATAKA
KERALA
SLDCs
CHINAKAMPALLY(CDP)
Substatio
n /RTU
station(1)
Substatio
n /RTU
station(2
1)
APTRANSCO
NUNNA (VJA)
Substatio
n /RTU
station(1)
Substatio
n /RTU
station
WARANGAL
MAMIDIPALLY(HYD)
Substatio
n /RTU
station
Substatio
n /RTU
station
Substatio
n /RTU
station
Subst
ation /
RTU
Distribution
Automation
BENEFITS OF DA
[Link] DEFERRED BENEFITS.
Elimination of the need for purchase of certain
equipment by one or more years
Saving in capital investment
[Link] &MAINTENANCE BENEFITS
Avoid equipment damage,reduce power
loss,reduction in
theft of energy,savings in man power costs
[Link] RELATED BENEFITS
Voltage profile ,continuity of service
DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
The term DMS is used to denote computer
control system for a distribution control center that
contains traditional SCADA functions and also contains
functions that analyze present and future conditions on
the distribution system to support distribution operations
FUNCTIONS OF DMS
SUBSTATION AND FEEDER SCADA
SUBSTATION AUTOMATION
FEEDER AUTOMATIoN
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ANALYSIS
INTERFACES TO OTHER COMPUTER
SYSTEM
APPLICATIONS
Industrial control
Oil & gas transmission,production and distribution
Waste water utilities
Electric utility for remote control of substations
Power distribution automation
DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION
FUNCTIONALITY
Distribution Automation means
the Automation of Distribution
substations, feeder monitoring
and
control
and
Consumer
metering functions.
DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION
CONTROL FUNCTIONS
Customer load demand
Peak load pricing
Load shedding
Sudden load pickup
Capacitor control
Voltage regulation
Feeder load managemant
Tranformer load mangement
Block diagram of distribution automation system
It collection of information, transferring it to a DCC, displaying the
information and carrying out analysis for control decision and
improvement in system operation. The control action is then initiated
either through remotely operable device or manually. A typical DA
system is composed of field instrumentation, remote terminal unit,
communication systems and distribution automation software. In a typical
distribution automation system is shown below.
Table 1
Distribution automation
components
The developed components for power
distribution automation under the
technology development mission
described as follows:
[Link] automationA typical
software
SCADA system
[Link] Terminal Unit architecture
[Link] operable switch
[Link] system
[Link] IEDs and protocols
Distribution automation software
The master DA software and the
engineering analysis software are the
two common elements of DCC.
The master DA software provides the
system information.
The engineering analysis software
uses the system information to
provide the appropriate control
decisions.
