3.
3 Gas
Pressure &
Atmospheric
Pressure
Learning Outcomes
1
explain gas
pressure
explain atmospheric
pressure applications
.
describe
of
atmospheric
pressure .
solve problems involving
Explain Gas
Pressure
One common feature of all these balls
is that
they contain air under high pressure.
You can force air into the balls
using an air pump.
ACTIVITY 1:Idea of Gas
Pressure
Use a bicycle pump to pump air into
a defated ball. When air is pumped
into a ball, what changes do you
The ball will be fully inflated
observe
in the ball?
and it expands
How would you know when there is
enough
air in the
ball?
It
will become
hard
when you press the
ball. Feel an opposing force acting on
Kinetic Theory of Gases
When you squeeze a ball filled
opposing
you will feel
force
with
fromair,
the inside of the
an force comes from
The
acting
ball.
billions
and
billions of air molecules
striking the
The molecules in a gas move
random
inner wall of the ball.
motion
collide
freely in
wit
When
the
.
the inner wall of the ball, the
pushes
h
molecules
the wall
force
Th
exerted on the inner
gas pressure
the ball is know
e
wall of
as
Explain Gas
Pressure
The gas pressure in a container is
caused by
the collision of gas molecules with
Gas/Ai pressure is the force
surface
by air molecules per unit
the
walls
r
exerted on a
area
of theofcontainer.
surface.
th
e
Atmospheric
Pressure
can be attached
on windscre of a ca
Have you ever wondered
the
en
how plastic stickers
without dropping
The stickers are
off?
actually pressed on the
glass surface by the
surrounding A TMOSPHERIC
PRESSURE
Atmospheric pressure
The atmosphere is a
thick layer of air that
surrounds the Earth.
The atmosphere exerts
a pressure called
atmospheric
pressure which cause
by the weight of the
thick layer of air
above the Earths
surface.
Explain atmospheric
pressure
Atmospheric pressure is the pressure
weight
equally
caused
by the
of the air above us.
Atmospheric pressure acts
in all directions.
Explain the relationship between
altitude and
Explain why atmospheric pressure
Explain atmospheric
pressure
Atmospheric pressure varies with the
height
of the object above sea level.
It decreases with the altitude
or the height above sea level.
At higher altitudes, the density
and the temperature of the air
are lower. As a result, the
frequency of collisions of the
ACTIVITY 2: Experiments to
show the
existence of the atmospheric
Fill an empty plastic bottle with
until it is about
a
Tighten
pressure
hot water
ca immediate an wai fo a fe second
quarter full.
the
p ly
d t
r
w s.
Observati
s_t_e from the boiling water
Th
out the air
the plastic
e
a_m drives
_
The cap prevents
fro
air
from
bottle.
outside
m
When cold water
is poured on it, the
conden
inside
bottl
to water and
fowing into
the
se
steam
v
a
_
_c_c inside
forms
bottle
it
the
bottle. e
The atmospheric pressure outside
partial
.
u_u_m the
_
_h_i_g_ then compress the
which is
h_e_r bottle.
Application:
the
resultant
force
caused
by
the surface of
atmospheric
pressure weight
acts
on
the
the
cardboard is greater of
than the the water in
the glass.
Application:
When we suck through a
straw, the air pressure in the
straw is lowered. Then the
pressure of the atmosphere
acting on the surface of the
drink in the glass pushes the
water up the straw and into
our mouth.
When the sucker is
pressed into place,
most
of the air behind it is
squeezed out. The
sucker
is held in position by
the
Vacuum Cleaner
The fan inside the vacuum cleaner
blows air
out of the vents. Which less air
inside , the air
pressure there drops. The
atmospheric
pressure outside then pushes air up
The barometer is made
by filling a long glass
tube with mercury. The
tube is then turned
upside down in a bow of
mercury. The mercury
level in the tube will drop
until a level h = 76 cm
above the mercury level
in the bowl.
(a)Why the level does not
drop further?
Atmospheric
pressure support
Mercur
y
Baromet
er
(b) Pressure at A is due to
Atmospheric
pressure Mercur
the
(b) Pressure at B is due to
Mercury
column
the
(d) Pressure at C = 0
(e) Compare the pressure
at A and B.
PA = P B
Atmospheric pressure
equal Mercury Pressure
y
Baromet
er
Mercur
Atmospheric
Equal
Mercury
pressure
(f)
density of
to If thePressure
the
and the acceleration
y
m-3
mercury
is
1.36
x
due to
104 kg
gravity is 10 ms-2,
calculate
P = 1.36 x 104 x 10 x
0.76
the atmospheric
= 1.03 x 105 Pa
Baromet
er
What is the value of
the
atmospheric
76 cm
pressure
in cm
What is the
pressure
Hg?
Hg
at point
= 90 cm
x76
in +
cm14
Hg?
Hg
m
k
If a of water is
The
density
made using water
3.
instead
of
g
is
1000 barometer
mercury, and a very
long
tube, how high is
Mercur
y
Baromet
er
At sea level:
Atmospheric
pressure
.
=
.. Pa
76
.
cm
=
Hg
10
=
. m
1
water
= .
Mercur
y
Baromet
er
Question
If
2 a mercury barometer were carried
up a
mountain, how would you expect the
Decreases, atmospheric
height
pressure decreases as the
altitude
increases
of
the mercury
column to change?
Explain.
Question
The diagram
3
Ga
shows a
X is trapped in a
s
tube
If the
mercury
glass
height of the
.barometer.
vertical
mercury
level is 40 cm of Hg
calculate
pressur
and
exerted by the
the
e
75 40 = 35 cm Hg
the atmospheric
gas X
Manomete
r
A
consists
Umanometer
that is filled with
of a
tube
a
liquid like water,
oil
Atmospheric pressure
or mercury.
pressure, both
In figure (a) when
levels
both ends of the
Manomete
r
In figure (b) when one end is
connected
Manomete
r
What is the
total
pressure a
Compare
point
pressure at W and
the
W?
the
At the same level
gas pressure.
Write
an
equation that
relate
,
between
an Pgas
Manomete
r
Manomete
r
Manomete
r
P W =Pga
At the
s same
P W =Pat +Pmerku
m
ri
[P
atmospher = 76 cm
density
of
ic
Hg,
=1.3 x -1 k mNkg
mercury
P ga = 32 + 76
s
g = 10
104 g
= 108
cm Hg
What is the gas
in
pressure
Pa?
P gas = gh
= 1.46 x 1045
1.36 x 10 x 10 x
Pa
1.08
3]