In search of drinking water
Designed by : Shiva Prasad K, 3rd
Sem, MBA, RRCE
Amount of drinking water in the world
Designed by : Shiva Prasad K, 3rd
Sem, MBA, RRCE
Per capita consumption – India / World
Litres per person
per day
Drinking 3
Cooking 4
Bathing 20
Flushing 40
Washing clothes 25
Washing utensils 20
Gardening 23
Total 135
Designed by : Shiva Prasad K, 3rd
Sem, MBA, RRCE
In search of drinking water
In many parts of the world, women spend 2-3 hours a
day fetching
Designed water
by : Shiva Prasad
Sem, MBA, RRCE
K, 3rd
India – rainfall
India annual
rainfall
is within the
top 6 countries
in the world.
But we do not
conserve the
rain water.
Designed by : Shiva Prasad K, 3rd
Sem, MBA, RRCE
6
Compare rainfall in 5 Indian cities
35.0
30.0
25.0
Mumbai
rainfall in Inches
20.0
15.0 Chennai
Calcutta
10.0
Delhi
5.0
Bangalore
0.0
September
November
December
February
January
October
August
March
June
April
July
May
months
Bangalore gets 37”annually but the rainfall is more spread out.
Delhi = 32.1” Mumbai=120” Calcutta=62.3”
Designed by : Shiva Prasad K, 3rd
Sem, MBA, RRCE
India has 2 seasons – Floods and Drought
Designed by : Shiva Prasad K, 3rd
Sem, MBA, RRCE
What is Rainwater harvesting ?
• “Capture rain water, store it and use it - it is as simple as
that” - Prime Minister Vajpayayee at a national seminar on
Rain water harvesting, New Delhi, May 22, 2000
• Collect the rain water falling on house tops, collection
ponds, lakes, open areas with natural grading
• Rain water is naturally pure (excepting where it becomes
acid rain due to industrial pollution)
• Ground water could be salty or brackish
Designed by : Shiva Prasad K, 3rd
Sem, MBA, RRCE
Collecting surface water at the building gate
The rainwater falling on
the open space around the
complex can be collected
near the gate by providing
a gutter with a perforated
lid. The collected water
can be led through a pipe
into a recharge well
of 1 metre dia and 5 metre
Rain Centre – Two views of water collection at the gate.
deep.
If the area aroundDesigned
the flat complex is paved with concrete,
by : Shiva Prasad K, 3rd
we collect the water at the
Sem, MBA,gate.
RRCE
Collecting roof water and draining it in a well
• Clean the building roof as a
collector of rainfall.
• Draw rainwater down through
pipes and gutters (Rs 2000)
• Drain water through a filtering
pit 2’x2’x2’ filled with pebbles
Rain Centre - and sand with a cover slab
Take roof
water, filter (Rs1500)
and charge the
well • Provide a pipe from the filtering
pit to the well. (Rs 500)
• Cost estimates for drawing
shown. Will vary for other units
Designed by : Shiva Prasad K, 3rd
Sem, MBA, RRCE
Roof top Rain Water harvesting
1. Rain water collected
Rain water 8
on the roof 1 tank
2. Flows thru drain
pipe
3. First flush - discard House - Top floor
some initial water
7
4. Water flows thru 2
a filter - bottom to
top (sponge is filter) filter 4 House - Ground floor
5. Store in a sump 5 3
6. Pump water to tank
7. Water pumped up sump 6
pump Ground level
8. Store in a overhead
tank - to house 9
9. Overflow from sump
charges the aquifer Designed by : Shiva Prasad K, 3rd
Sem, MBA, RRCE
Rural water harvesting
Check dams along
Designed a river
by : Shiva Prasad K,-3rd
Rajasthan
Sem, MBA, RRCE
Rural water harvesting
Water shed management – Ralegaon Sidhi - Maharashtra
Designed by : Shiva Prasad K, 3rd
Sem, MBA, RRCE
Water shed management - CCT
No CCT CCT – Continuous Contour Trenching
CCT is a trench dug across the sloped hills (along the
contour ) to hold and retain water and to increase the
moisture availability forPrasad
Designed by : Shiva theK,plant
3rd growth
Sem, MBA, RRCE
Rain Centre opens in Bengaluru
• Opened in August 2003
• Shows how to install
RWH using
– Roofwater RWH
– Surface water
– Collect at gate
– Percolation pit
– Sump and babywells
• Exhibits by CSE
• Design help
Rain Centre – Rainwater harvesting theme park
at Jayanagar V Block, Bengaluru.
[Link]
Open Hours : 11 AM to 7 PM – all days
Designed by : Shiva Prasad K, 3rd
Sem, MBA, RRCE
Rain Centre opens in Bengaluru and Chennai
Designed by : Shiva Prasad K, 3rd
Sem, MBA, RRCE
Rain Water Harvesting Sites
B.M.S. College of Engineering, Bull Temple Road, Bangalore
Designed by : Shiva Prasad K, 3rd
Sem, MBA, RRCE
Rain Water Harvesting Sites
K. C. General Hospital, Malleshwaram, Bangalore
Designed by : Shiva Prasad K, 3rd
Sem, MBA, RRCE
Rain Water Harvesting Sites
KAVERI Poultry Farm, Chitradurga
Designed by : Shiva Prasad K, 3rd
Sem, MBA, RRCE
POSITIVE EXPERIENCE
• Economical & effective, compared to conventional system of water
supply
• The extra initial cost of construction of RHS can be recouped in 3
years and 8 months time.
• RHS has no running expenses and saves the energy needed for
pumping water.
• Once the RHS is maintained properly, the quality of water is best
available, unlike the stream water, which is often polluted and needs
treatment to avoid water borne diseases.
• Adoption of RHS will have a very positive impact on the health of the
beneficiaries.
Designed by : Shiva Prasad K, 3rd
Sem, MBA, RRCE
Typical family of 5 - annual consumption and costs
• Family of 5 that needs 135 litres per person per day will
need 246,375 litres in a year
• A typical water tanker in Karnataka carries 12,000 litres
of water and the tanker of water costs Rs 700 to Rs 1,000
during the summer of 2001
• This will cost our family of 5, Rs 20,531 annually.
How much water can be harvested in a house ?
• A typical house plot in Karnataka is about 2,400 [Link]
• If we harvest the entire 129 cm of annual rainfall, it will
yield 700 litres of fresh water per ground per day.
• This will result in 255,500 litres per year
Designed by : Shiva Prasad K, 3rd
Sem, MBA, RRCE
Rainwater harvesting in Austin Texas
Visited these RWH installations in Austin Texas in Feb 2002
Designed by : Shiva Prasad K, 3rd
Sem, MBA, RRCE
With students from a local college at the Rain centre
Designed by : Shiva Prasad K, 3rd
Sem, MBA, RRCE
Collecting rain water in Temple tanks
Before After
• There are many temple tanks in the city of Shringeri,
Karnatka. They act as large storage tanks, percolating rain
water and charging the water table. This allows thousands of
people living around the tank to draw water from their wells
• Desilting a temple tank costs between Rs 5 and 10 lakhs and
Designed by : Shiva Prasad K, 3rd
is being done by the Rotary Club of Chennai
Sem, MBA, RRCE
Results to date
• The underground water level has come up by 10 to 15 feet
in those places that have installed RWH.
• There are about 400,000 plots in Bengaluru.
• In 2001, about 5000 plots had RWH implemented.
• In 2002, this figure is close to 50,000 plots
• In 2003, the current estimate would be around 80,000
• We have reached about 20% of the households.
Designed by : Shiva Prasad K, 3rd
Sem, MBA, RRCE
Results to date
To cover all the districts of Karnataka, Council has
established RWH resource and training center for the
southern states at Mahatma Gandhi Regional Institute for
Rural Energy and Development in Bangalore and District
RWH Nodal Centers at all the 27 districts in the state.
Technical support is also being provided in establishing
RWH system in 176 villages (one each in every taluk of
Karnataka) and 23,680 rural schools in the state (probably
the world's largest RWH project) a programme of Rural
Development and Panchayat Raj, Government of
Karnataka. Over 10,000 people from Bangalore and other
parts of Karnataka have availed technical support on
Rainwater Harvesting from the Council.
Designed by : Shiva Prasad K, 3rd
Sem, MBA, RRCE
Designed by : Shiva Prasad K, 3rd
Sem, MBA, RRCE