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Microcontroller vs Microprocessor Explained

This document provides an overview of data analysis and embedded systems. It discusses microcontrollers, which integrate a microprocessor, memory, and input/output ports onto a single chip. Microcontrollers communicate with memory and I/O devices via an address bus, data bus, and control lines. The document also covers machine language, assembly language, high-level languages, data types, coding systems like ASCII, and differences between system hardware and software.

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Vishnu Pradeep
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33 views23 pages

Microcontroller vs Microprocessor Explained

This document provides an overview of data analysis and embedded systems. It discusses microcontrollers, which integrate a microprocessor, memory, and input/output ports onto a single chip. Microcontrollers communicate with memory and I/O devices via an address bus, data bus, and control lines. The document also covers machine language, assembly language, high-level languages, data types, coding systems like ASCII, and differences between system hardware and software.

Uploaded by

Vishnu Pradeep
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

DATA ANALYSIS

Presented by,
Nithish Kumar M
Dept of EIC

Embedded Systems
Operations managed behind the scenes by a
microcontroller

Microcontroller (MCU)
Integrated electronic computing device that
includes three major components on a single chip
Microprocessor (MPU)
Memory
I/O (Input/Output) ports

Support Devices
Timers
A/D converter
Serial I/O

Common communication lines


System Bus

MPU (CPU)
Read instructions
Process binary data

Storage Device
Addresses
Registers

Major Categories
Read/Write
Memory (R/W)
Read-only-Memory
(ROM)

D7

D0
6

Input Devices
Switches and Keypads
Provide binary information to the MPU

Output devices
LEDs and LCDs
Receive binary information from the MPU

MPU communicates with Memory and I/O


using the System Bus
Address bus
Unidirectional
Memory and I/O Addresses

Data bus
Bidirectional
Transfers Binary Data and Instructions

Control lines
Read and Write timing signals

10

11

Machine Language
Binary Instructions
Difficult to decipher and write
Error-prone

All programs converted into machine language for


execution
Instructio Hex Mnemoni Description
n
c

Processor

10000000

80

ADD B

Intel 8085

00101000

28

ADD A, R0 Add Reg R0 to


Acc

Intel 8051

00011011

1B

ABA

Motorola
6811

Add reg B to Acc

Add Acc A and B

12

Assembly Language

Machine instructions represented in mnemonics


One-to-one correspondence
Efficient execution and use of memory
Machine-specific

13

High-Level Languages

BASIC, C, and C++


Written in statements of spoken languages
Machine independent
Easy to write and troubleshoot
Larger memory and less efficient execution

14

Unsigned Integers
All eight bits represent the magnitude of a
number
Bit7 to Bit0

Range 00H to FFH (010 to 25510)

15

Signed Integers
2's Complement
Bit7 is sign bit

Positive numbers: 00H to 7FH (010 to 12710)


Negative numbers: 80H to FFH (-110 to -12810)

16

Binary Coded Decimal Numbers (BCD)


8-bit number divided into two groups of four
Each group represents a decimal digit from 0 to 9

AH through FH are invalid


Example: 0010 0101BCD = 2510

17

American Standard Code for Information


Interchange (ASCII)
7-bit alphanumeric code with 128 combinations
(00H to 7FH)
Represents English alphabet, decimal digits from
0 to 9, symbols, and commands

18

System hardware
Discrete components
Microprocessor, Memory, and I/O

Components connected by buses


Address, Data, and Control

System software
Group of programs that monitors the functions of
the entire system

19

20

Microprocessor, memory, I/O ports, and


support devices on a single chip
Buses generally not available to a system
designer
I/O ports generally multiplexed and can be
programmed to perform different functions

21

22

Princeton versus Harvard Architecture


CISC versus RISC processors
Microprocessors and Microcontrollers

23

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