POWER QUALITY
CONDITIONERS FOR SMART
GRID
PRESENTED BY
SUDHANSHU GOEL
13206020
POWER QUALITY
The quality of electrical power supply is a set of parameters which
describe the process of electric power delivery to the user under
normal operating conditions, determine the continuity of supply
(short and long supply interruptions) and characterize the supply
voltage (magnitude, asymmetry, frequency, and waveform shape).
Power quality phenomena can be divided into two types :-
.A characteristic of voltage or current (e.g., frequency or power
factor) is never exactly equal to its nominal and desired value. The
small deviations are called voltage variations or current variations.
.When the voltage or current deviates significantly from its
normal or ideal wave shape. These sudden deviations are called
events. Power quality events are the phenomena which can lead
to tripping of equipment, to interruption of the production or of
plant operation, or endanger power system operation. This
includes interruptions, under voltages, overvoltage, phase angle
jumps and three phase unbalance.
POWER QUALITY CONDITIONERS
Apower conditioner(also known as aline conditionerorpower
line conditioner) is a device intended to improve the quality of
powerthat is delivered to electrical load equipment.
In a smart grid the role of a power quality conditioner is to:o
Deliver voltage & currentof the proper level and
characteristics to enable load equipment to function
properly.
Ensure efficient power transfer between utility grid & micro
grid.
Isolate each micro grid and the utility grid from there
respective noises and disturbances.
Energy creation i.e. to convert DC power generated by Solar
panels to AC.
Integration with energy storage system.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
TYPES OF POWER QUALITY
CONDITIONERS
Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM)
Active power filters
-Shunt active power filters
-Series active power filters
-Hybrid Active Power Filters
Unified Power Quality conditioner (UPQC)
DISTRIBUTION STATIC
COMPENSATOR (DSTATCOM)
The DSTATCOM is a custom power device based on a voltage
Source Converter (VSC) shunt connected to the distribution
networks.
A DSTATCOM is normally used to precisely regulate system
voltage, improve voltage profile, reduce voltage harmonics
and for load compensation.
D-STATCOM can also mitigate voltage dips and can
compensate both magnitude and phase angle by injecting
reactive or reactive power to the point of connection with
the grid.
The VSC connected in shunt with the ac system provides a
multifunctional topology which can be used for up to three
quite
distinct
purposes:
voltage
regulation
and
compensation of reactive power, correction of power factor,
and elimination of current harmonics.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
The VSC converts the dc voltage across the storage device
into a set of three-phase ac output voltages. These voltages
are in phase and coupled with the ac system through the
coupling transformer. Such configuration allows the device to
absorb or generate controllable active and reactive power.
ACTIVE POWER FILTERS
Active power filter technology has evolved in the past quarter
century with varying configurations and control topologies as
a full fledged technique for providing compensation for
reactive power, harmonics and neutral current in ac networks.
Active filters are also used to terminate the voltage
harmonics, to regulate terminal voltage, to inhibit voltage
flicker and to advance voltage balance in 3- phase systems.
Generally there are three configurations in which they are
connected in power system :-
Shunt active power filters
Series active power filters
Hybrid Active Power Filters
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SHUNT ACTIVE POWER FILTERS
It compensate current harmonics by injecting equal-butopposite harmonic compensating current.
It operates as a current source injecting the harmonic
components generated by the load but phase shifted by
180deg.
They are usually connected across the load to compensate
for all current related problem such as reactive power
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SERIES ACTIVE POWER FILTERS
It compensate current system distortion caused by non-linear
loads.
The
high impedance imposed by the series APF is created by
generating a voltage of the same frequency as that of harmonic
component that needs to be eliminated.
It
act as a controlled voltage source and can compensate all voltage
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HYBRID ACTIVE POWER FILTERS
Fig. Hybrid Active power filter
By
controlling the amplitude of the voltage fundamental component
across the coupling transformer, the PF of the power distribution
system can be adjusted.
The
control of the load power factor imposed a higher voltage
across the filter capacitor.
This
type of configuration is very convenient for compensation of
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UNIFIED POWER QUALITY
CONDITIONER (UPQC)
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The Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) combines the
Shunt Active Power Filter with the Series Active Power Filter,
sharing the same DC Link, in order to compensate both
voltages and currents, so that the load voltages become
sinusoidal and at nominal value, and the source currents
become sinusoidal and in phase with the source voltages.
UPQC can compensate both voltage related problems such
as voltage harmonics, voltage sags/swells, voltage flicker as
well as current related problems like reactive power
compensation, power factor correction, current harmonics
and load unbalance compensation.
There is a significant increase in interest for using UPQC in
distributed generation associated with smart grids because
of availability of high frequency switching devices and
advanced fast computing devices (microcontrollers, DSP,
FPGA) at lower cost.
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REFERENCES
Improving power quality in microgrid by means of using power
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Scientist, J. Are, W. Suul, and T. M. Undeland, Power Quality
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REFERENCES
Joao L. Afonso, J. G. Pinto and Henrique Goncalves Active Power
Conditioners to Mitigate Power Quality Problems in Industrial
Facilities
Elnady. A. A power conditioner versus a DSTATCOM for
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Power Quality Conditioner ( UPQC ) With Storage Device for
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Ahmed tekel, Mehmet tumay Unified power quality conditioner:
A literature survey .
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