Perception … ?

BY:-
SONALI KAUSHIK

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“ WE DON’T SEE THINGS AS

THEY ARE, WE SEE

THINGS AS WE ARE.”

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Organizational Behavior /
Perception 5
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Perception

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Perception: -

Making Judgements about

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Perception …

Perception is the process of receiving

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Factors Influencing Perception:

1.) Perceiver

2.) Target

3.) Situation

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 Perception versus sensation
Perception Sensation
 Perception is our  Sensation is a part of
experience of an object our experience.
or situation before us.  A sensation can get an
 Knowledge is gained idea of the situation.
through perception.  By sensation we get an
 Through perception we idea of the qualities of
understand the related the object i.e., color,
object. smell or taste.

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Person Perception: Making Judgments
About Others

Distinctiveness:
Distinctiveness:shows
showsdifferent
differentbehaviors
behaviorsinindifferent
differentsituations.
situations.
Consensus:
Consensus:response
responseisisthe
thesame
sameasasothers
otherstotosame
samesituation.
situation.
Consistency:
Consistency:responds
respondsininthe
thesame
sameway
wayover
overtime.
time.
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Attribution Theory
FACTORS IN PERCEPTUAL
SELECTIVITY

Internal factors

External factors

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 INTERNAL FACTORS

1. Self Concept
2. Beliefs
3. Expectations
4. Response disposition
5. Perceptual Defense

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 1. Size
EXTERNAL FACTORS - 2. Intensity
3. Repetition
4. Novelty and Familiarity
5. Contrast
6. Motion

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PERCEPTIONAL ORGANIZATION

 It deals with the manner in which

Figure- PERCEPTUA
ground L GROUPING

PERCEPTUAL PERCEPTUA
CONSTANCY L CONTEXT 25
1. Figure- ground

Figure is more clearly perceived because

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 [Link] GROUPING

It includes:-
 Similarity

 Proximity

Closure

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[Link] CONSTANCY

Gives a person a sense of stability in the

 Shape constancy
 Size constancy
 color

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[Link] CONTEXT

It gives meaning and value to the stimuli

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[Link] DEFENCE

Play’s very important role in

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DISTORTION OR ERRORS IN PERCEPTION

1.) Selective Perception

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DISTORTION OR ERRORS IN
PERCEPTION
DISTORTION OR ERRORS IN PERCEPTION
DISTORTION OR ERRORS IN PERCEPTION
 PROCESS OF PERCEPTION (SOBC
Model) ...

Stimulus :-
A stimulus is any unit of input of any of the senses. 35
 Perceptual Process …
Selecting Stimuli

External factors : Nature,
Location, Size, contrast,
Receiving Stimuli Movement, repetition, similarity
(External & Internal) Internal factors : Learning,
needs, age, Interest,

Interpreting Organizing
Attribution ,Stereotyping, Figure Background ,
Halo Effect, Projection Perceptual Grouping
( similarity, proximity,
closure, )

: Attitudes ,
Motivation,
Feeling
Behavior

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PERCEPTUAL OUTPUT

Treated as - the development of

Information
Objects
Events
People
PERCEPTUAL MECHANISM

Selection of stimuli
Organization of stimuli
Interpretation of stimuli

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MANAGERIAL APPLICATIONS OF
PERCEPTION

1. Selection of employees
2. Interpersonal working
relationship
3. Performance appraisal

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Specific Applications in
Organizations:

1.) Employment Interview

2.) Performance Expectations

3.) Performance Evaluation

4.) Employee Effort

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Specific Applications in Organizations

 Employment Interview
◦ Perceptual biases affect the accuracy of interviewers’
judgments of applicants.
 Performance Expectations
◦ Self-fulfilling prophecy :The lower or higher
performance of employees reflects preconceived
leader expectations about employee capabilities.
 Performance Evaluations
◦ Appraisals are subjective perceptions of performance.
 Employee Effort
◦ Assessment of individual effort is a subjective
judgment subject to perceptual distortion and bias.
 DEVELOPMENT PERCEPTUAL
SKILLS

1. Perceiving oneself accurately

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