Engineering Design
Chapter 1
Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
1.1 Introduction
What is design?
Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
What is design?
To fashion after a plan!
To design is:
To synthesize new or to arrange existing things in a
new way to satisfy a recognized need of society.
Design establishes and defines solutions to and pertinent
structures for problems not solved before, or new solutions to
problems which have previously been solved in a different
way.
Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
The Four Cs of Design
Creativity
Requires creation of something that has not existed before
or
has not existed in the designers mind before.
Complexity
Requires decisions on many variables and parameters.
Choice
Requires making choices between many possible solutions
at all levels, from basic concepts to the smallest detail of
shape.
Compromise
Requires balancing multiple and sometimes conflicting
requirements.
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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
1.2 Engineering Design Process
Why is engineering design process needed?
Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
Importance of the Engineering Design
Process
Decisions made in the design process cost very little in
terms of the overall product cost but have a major
effect on the cost of the product.
You cannot compensate in manufacturing for defects
introduced in the design phase.
The design process should be conducted so as to
develop quality, cost-competitive products in the
shortest time possible.
Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
Product Cost Commitment during Phases of
the Design Process
Adapted from D. Ullman, The Mechanical Design Process, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York,20
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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
Types of Designs
Original Design: Innovative design
Adaptive Design
Redesign: Variant design
Selection design
Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
1.3 Ways To Think About The
Engineering Design Process
What do we mean by designing a system?
System mean - combination of hardware, information and
people necessary to accomplish some specific task
Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
Simplified Iteration Model
Adapted from M. Asimow, Introduction to Design, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1
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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
Design Method Versus Scientific Method
11
Adapted from P. H. Hill, The Science of Engineering Design, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New
York 1970.
Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
A Problem-Solving Methodology
Definition of the problem
Gathering of information
Generation of alternative solutions
Evaluation of alternatives and decision making
Communication of the results
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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
How The Design Depends On How The
Problem Is Defined
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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
Design Paradox Between Design Knowledge
and Design Freedom
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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
1.4 Description of Design Process
What are the steps of Design Process?
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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
Design Process Phases
Phase I:
Conceptual
Design
Phase II:
Embodiment
Design
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Phase III:
Detail Design
Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
Phase I. Conceptual Design
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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
Phase II. Embodiment Design
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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
Phase III. Detail Design
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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
Engineering Design Process
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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
1.5 Consideration Of A Good Design
What are the various considerations of a good design?
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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
Considerations of Good Design
1)
Achievement of Performance Requirements
2)
Life-Cycle Issues
3)
Social and Regulatory Issues
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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
Achievement of Performance Requirements
A major characteristic of a design is its function.
Performance Requirements:
Primary Performance Requirements
Complementary Performance Requirements
Part (Component): A single piece requiring no
assembly
Assembly: When two or more parts are joined.
Subassemblies: Smaller assemblies which compose
larger assemblies.
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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
Total Materials Life Cycle
Reproduced from Materials and Mans Needs, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C.,
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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
Regulatory and Social Issues
The code of ethics of all professional engineering
societies require the engineer to protect public health and
safety.
Example of Standards and Codes:
ASME: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials
OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration
CPSC: Consumer Product Safety Commission
EPA: Environmental Protection Agency
DHS: Department of Homeland Security
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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
1.6 Computer-Aided Engineering
What are the changes that plentiful computing has produced?
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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE)
The advent of plentiful computing has produced a
major change in the way engineering design is
practiced.
Advantages of Computer-Aided Engineering:
Automated engineering drawing in two dimensions
Three dimensional modeling
Finite Element Modeling (FEM)
Rapid prototyping
Design optimization
Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
1.7 Designing To Codes And
Standards
What are the codes and standards?
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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
Designing To Codes And Standards
A code is a collection of laws and rules that assists a
government agency in meeting its obligation to
protect the general welfare by preventing damage to
property or injury or loss of life to persons.
A standard is a generally agreed-upon set of
procedures, criteria, dimensions, materials, or parts.
Chief Aspects of Designing To Codes and
Standards:
I
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
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Efficiency
Safety
Interchangeability
Compatibility
Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
Two Broad Forms of Codes
Performance Codes
Prescriptive Codes
Performance Codes are stated in terms of the
specific requirement that is expected to be achieved.
Prescriptive(specification) Codes state the
requirements in terms of specific details and leave
no discretion to the designer.
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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
1.8 Design Review
What is design review?
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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
Design Review
A design review is a retrospective study of the design up to
that point in time.
The essence of the technical review of the design is to
compare the findings against the detailed Product Design
Specification (PDS).
The PDS is a detailed document that describes what the design must
be in terms of:
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Performance requirements
Environment in which it must operate
Product life
Quality
Reliability
Cost
Host of other design requirements
Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
Redesign
Two categories of redesigns:
Fixes
Updates
A fix is a design modification that is required due
to less than acceptable performance once the
product has been introduced into the
marketplace.
Updates are usually planned as part of the
products life cycle before the product is
introduced to the market.
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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
An Examples of Design Update
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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
1.8 Societal Considerations in
Engineering Design
What are the effects of engineering design on society?
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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
Societal Considerations in Engineering
Design
ABET Code of Ethics:
Engineers shall hold paramount the safety,
health, and welfare of the public in the
performance of their profession.
Some influences on the practice of engineering
design due to increased societal awareness of
technology:
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Greater influence of lawyers on engineering
decisions
More time spent in planning and predicting
Emphasis on defensive research and development
More effort expended
inEngineering
research,
and
Dieter/Schmidt,
Design development,
5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
Characteristics of an Environmentally
Responsible Design
Easy to disassemble
Able to be recycled
Contains recycled materials
Uses identifiable and recyclable plastics
Reduces use of energy and natural materials in its
manufacture
Manufactured without producing hazardous waste
Avoids use of hazardous materials
Reduces product chemical emissions
Reduces product energy consumption
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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
Keys Roles of Government in Interacting
with Technology
As a stimulus to free enterprise through changes in
the tax system
By influencing interest rates and the supply of
venture capital through changes in fiscal policy to
control the growth of the economy
As a major customer for high technology, chiefly in
military, space, andS energy systems
As a funding source (patron) for research and
development
As a regulator of technology
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Dieter/Schmidt, Engineering Design 5e.
2013. The McGraw-Hill Companies
