Digital Electronics
7. Numbers And Coding
System
©2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
INTRODUCTION
• Counting in Decimal and Binary
• Place Value
• Binary to Decimal Conversion
• Decimal to Binary Conversion
• Electronic Translators
• Hexadecimal Numbers
• Octal Numbers
• Bits, Bytes and Words
Counting in
Decimal and Binary
• Number System -
Code using symbols that refer to
a number of items.
• Decimal Number System -
Uses ten symbols (base 10 system)
• Binary System -
Uses two symbols (base 2 system)
Place Value
• Numeric value of symbols in different positions.
• Example - Place value in binary system:
Place Value 8s 4s 2s 1s
Binary Yes Yes No No
Number 1 1 0 0
RESULT: Binary 1100 = decimal 8 + 4 + 0 + 0 = decimal 12
Binary to Decimal
Conversion
Convert Binary Number 110011
to a Decimal Number:
Binary 1 1 0 0 1 1
Decimal 32 + 16 + 0 + 0 + 2 + 1 = 51
QUIZ
Convert the following binary
numbers into decimal numbers:
Binary 1001 =
Binary 1111 =
Binary 0010 =
Decimal to Binary Conversion
Divide by 2 Process
Decimal # 13 ÷ 2 = 6 remainder 1
6 ÷ 2 = 3 remainder 0
3 ÷ 2 = 1 remainder 1
Divide-by-2 Process
Stops When 1 ÷ 2 = 0 remainder 1
Quotient Reaches 0
1 1 0 1
Hexadecimal Number System
Uses 16 symbols - Base 16 System
0-9, A, B, C, D, E, F
Decimal Binary Hexadecimal
1 0001 1
9 1001 9
10 1010 A
15 1111 F
16 10000 10
Hexadecimal and Binary
Conversions
• Hexadecimal to Binary Conversion
Hexadecimal C 3
Binary 1100 0011
• Binary to Hexadecimal Conversion
Binary 1110 1010
Hexadecimal E A
Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversion
Divide by 16 Process
Decimal # 47 ÷ 16 = 2 remainder 15
Divide-by-2 Process
Stops When 2 ÷ 16 = 0 remainder 2
Quotient Reaches 0
2 F
Hexadecimal to Decimal Conversion
Convert hexadecimal number
2DB to a decimal number
Place Value 256s 16s 1s
Hexadecimal 2 D B
(256 x 2) (16 x 13) (1 x 11)
Decimal 512 + 208 + 11 = 731
QUIZ
Convert Hexadecimal number A6 to Binary
A6 = (Binary)
Convert Hexadecimal number 16 to Decimal
16 = (Decimal)
Convert Decimal 63 to Hexadecimal
63 = (Hexadecimal)
Octal Numbers
Uses 8 symbols - Base 8 System
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Decimal Binary Octal
1 001 1
6 110 6
7 111 7
8 001 000 10
9 001 001 11
QUIZ
1. The octal number 7 equals ______ in binary. 111
2. The octal number 11 equals ______ in binary. 001 001
3. The decimal number 23 equals ______ in binary. 010 111
4. The decimal number 23 equals ______ in octal. 27
5. The octal number 37 equals ______ in binary. 011 111
6. The octal number 37 equals ______ in decimal. 31
Groupings of Binary Digits
•Bit 1-bit (0 or 1)
•Nibble 4-bits (such as 1101)
•Byte 8-bits (such as 1100 0111)
•Word 16-bits (common definition)
•Double-word 32-bits
•Quad-word 64-bits