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Understanding Non-Verbal Communication

This document provides an overview of non-verbal communication in 3 paragraphs or less: [1] Non-verbal communication includes human behavior and actions beyond words, such as gestures, eye contact, posture, tone of voice, and use of personal space. It provides additional context and meaning to what is said verbally. [2] Verbal and non-verbal communication are often linked, with non-verbal cues complementing, repeating, regulating, substituting for or even contradicting the verbal message. Non-verbal communication makes up over 50% of the communication exchange. [3] Some specific types of non-verbal cues discussed include kinesics (body movements and gestures), proxemics

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34 views11 pages

Understanding Non-Verbal Communication

This document provides an overview of non-verbal communication in 3 paragraphs or less: [1] Non-verbal communication includes human behavior and actions beyond words, such as gestures, eye contact, posture, tone of voice, and use of personal space. It provides additional context and meaning to what is said verbally. [2] Verbal and non-verbal communication are often linked, with non-verbal cues complementing, repeating, regulating, substituting for or even contradicting the verbal message. Non-verbal communication makes up over 50% of the communication exchange. [3] Some specific types of non-verbal cues discussed include kinesics (body movements and gestures), proxemics

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LECTURE NINE

Non-Verbal Communication
Nonverbal Communication

Definition: Human action and behavior


and the corresponding meaning that is
attached to behavior. In short,
everything but the words.
• It is far more than just gestures and
eye contact.
Linkage of Verbal and
Nonverbal Communication
• Complement—what • Repeating—verbal
is being said and signal followed by
accompany the physical signal.
words. • Regulating—speaking
• Accenting—strong louder or holding up a
action supporting hand.
words. • Substituting—using
action or symbols in
• Contradicting—say
lieu of words.
the opposite of the
verbal message.
Why pay attention to nonverbal?

• Exchange of • Nonverbal is
information thru stronger
nonlinguistic signs • Nonverbal adds to or
qualifies message
• Assists in drawing • More frequent:
accurate – 7 % words
conclusions – 55% body (facial,
posture)
• Increases
– 38% voice (Mehrabian
sensitivity (1968)
Kinesics
• Movement—most studied category of
nonverbal communication; includes
gestures as well as posture.
1. Not a precise science.
2. Differs between cultures.
3. More accurate if observed over time.
4. Gestures.
5. Cultural context (Symbols and action
vary).
Strategic Usage of
Nonverbal Signals
Emblems—actually stand for
something.
Illustrators—complement verbal
message.
Regulators—gestures that
control what a speaker says.
Affect Display—more complex
and obvious.
Adapter—moving body parts
that simulate what you
would like to do, but can’t.
PROXEMICS
Personal Space
• DISTANCE
– Intimate Distance 18”
– Personal Distance 1 - 4 ‘
– Social Distance 4 - 8’
– Public Distance 12’
• STATUS
– Higher physical locations
– Privacy
– Propinquity—close to power
Spatial Differences

Proxemics zones vary according to:


• Culture—awkwardness can result.
• Gender—Men tend to maintain larger
personal space bubbles than women.
• Temporary reductions cause people to
“stake out” territory.
– Barriers
– Arranging personal “stuff”
– Cubicles
Paralanguage

• Nonverbal aspects
of vocal delivery:
pitch, tone,
response or onset
time, and duration
of message.
• Nervous—high
pitch
• Slow response—
lying or thoughtful
Men and Women in Business

• Men take up more


space
• Handshakes—firm,
not bone crunching.
• Women smile more
and are expected to
smile
• Women maintain
eye contact longer
Nonverbal Leakage of Deception—Lying

• BASE LINE behavior before • DRESS


judging – Close and open coat
• MOVEMENT – Play with collar
– Hand-to-face (cover
mouth)
– Picking at lint on
clothing
– Nose rub
• PROXEMICS
– Lip biting
– Foot tapping
– Moving away
– Open gestures show • PARALANGUAGE
comfort. – Slow response
– Long answers
– Vocal pitch

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