Chapter 2
Nutrition
Professor Vasquez-Iscan
Nutrient Recommendations
Nutrient recommendations are sets of standards
for measuring peoples energy and nutrient
intake.
These recommendations are given by experts to
measure intake of nutrients and to offer advice
on consumption amount by the public.
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)
Daily Values (DV)
Estimated Average Requirements (EAR)
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)
DRI is used in the United States and
Canada.
Experts provide information on all of the
vitamins and minerals, as well as
carbohydrates, fiber, lipids, protein, water
and energy that humans must consume.
Daily Values (DV)
Daily Values are helpful nutrient standards
for the person trying to make wise choices
of packaged foods.
Daily Values are found in all packaged
foods in the food label.
Daily Value is based on a 2,000 calorie
diet and allows consumers to compare
foods with regard to nutrients and calorie
content.
Estimated Average Requirement
The average daily nutrient intake
estimated to meet the requirement of half
of the healthy individuals in a particular life
stage and gender group
It is used in nutrition research and
policymaking and is the basis upon which
the RDA values are set
Recommended Dietary Allowances
The average daily nutrient intake level that
meets the needs of nearly all healthy
people in a particular life stage and gender
group
Individuals can use RDA for their own
nutrient intake goals (loose/gain weight)
It is based on the Estimated Average
Requirements (EAR)
Adequate Intake (AI)
Nutrient intake goals for individuals
AI is based on average daily nutrient
intake level of healthy people (observed in
experiments) in a particular life stage and
gender group.
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL)
The highest average daily nutrient intake
level that is likely to pose no risk of toxicity
to almost all healthy people of a particular
life stage and gender group.
Usual intake above this level may place an
individual at risk of illness from nutrient
toxicity.
Acceptable Macronutrient
Distribution Ranges (AMDR)
Values for carbohydrate, fat, and protein
expressed as percentages of total daily
calorie intake
The amount necessary to provide
adequate energy giving nutrients and
reduce the risk of chronic diseases.
Go to pages (A,B,C) in text book
Who is DRI for?
DRI is designed for health maintenance and
disease prevention in healthy people.
It is not for the restoration of health or repletion
of nutrients in those with deficiencies.
During an illness a person may require a much
higher intake of certain nutrients or a lower
amount than the DRI recommends.
How are DRI Established?
Balance Study- is a type of study where scientists
measure the bodys intake and excretion.
Balance study are only valid for nutrients like calcium
that do not change while they are in the body.
In addition, scientist decide on making the nutrion intake
value high enough so that 97 to 98 % of the population
will be covered but not so high as to excessive
Requirement
The amount of a nutrient that will just
prevent the development of specific
deficiency signs
Why Daily Values on Food Labels
and not DRI?
DRI values vary from group to group but
the values on food labels must apply to the
average person someone eating 2,000 to
2,500 calories a day.
DV are set at the highest nutrient needs
among all people. From children age 4 to
aging adults.
Why Daily Values on Food Labels
and not DRI?
For example: The DV for iron 18mg is an
amount that exceeds a mans RDA of
8mg, but it meets a young womans high
need precisely.
DV are standards used only on food labels
to help consumers to compare the nutrient
values among foods.
Dietary Guidelines for Americans pg. 38
Recommendations for Daily Physical
Activity pg. 42
Recommended Daily Intakes from Each
Food Group pgs.45-46
Sample of a healthy food menu pg. 47
Food Trends in the U.S.
In the U.S. The food trend is supersize
Foods are richer in fat and sugar causing a
surge in body weight
The increase in body weight in the U.S. has
called for the need of people to have portion
control in their meals.
Consumers need more guidance about portion
sizes.
In addition, the sedentary lifestyle of U.S. society
is adding to the weight increase