Multimedia Systems

Multimedia Systems Week 8

Exploring Animation as a
Multimedia Element
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Animation
All about making things move
Process of bringing still objects to life
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1800s
Scientists realized that a series of still
images can be used to create the
effect of a moving image
Optical toys are used to test out the
effects of early animation
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Optical Toys
Stereoscope
Sir Charles Wheatstone, 1838
Can view a 3D picture
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Optical Toys
Conway Stereo Viewer
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Optical Toys
1920s-30s Stereo Viewer
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Drawing in Time
The idea of animation is way older
than movies or television.
People have tried capturing a sense
of motion in their ART
Painting animals on wall
Paleolithic caves
Cave of Lascaux
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Drawing in Time:
Way back
People have tried capturing a sense of
motion in their ART like painting animals on
wall.
Cave of
Lascaux
Eight-legged
boar in the
Altamira caves of
Northern Spain
4 pairs of
legs to
show
motion
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Drawing in Time: 1600
In 1600 BC, the
Egyptian
Pharaoh
Rameses II built
a temple for the
Goddess Isis
with 110
columns
Each column
had a painted
figure of the
goddess in a
progressively
changed
position.
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Drawing in Time: 1600
1640: Magic
Lantern
Athonasius Kircher
First attempt to
project drawings
on the wall
Early Slide
Projector
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Drawing in Time: 1600
Magic Lantern adapted for
kids
Different slides:
historical events
geographic locations
famous people
vocabulary words
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Drawing in Time: 1800
Most early attempts like creating an
illusion of movement were made
using drawings
1824: Peter Mark Roget
Persistence of Vision phenomenon
Ability of the eyes to temporarily retain
the image of anything just seen
Makes animation and movies possible
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Drawing in Time: 1800
Early animation devices
Thaumatrope
Phenakistoscope
Zeotrope
Flipper Book
Praxinoscope
Kinetoscope
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Thaumatrope
1825: John Ayerton Paris
Turning Marvel" or Wonder
Turner
A disc with a string or peg attached to
both sides
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Phenakistoscope
1832: Belgian physicist Joseph
Plateau Simon Stampfer in Austria
Patterns or performers such as
jugglers or acrobats
[Link]
gallery/collections/toys/a
nimations
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Zeotrope
1867 in USA: William George
Horner
Wheel of Life
More than one person can view
Slits
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Flipper Book
1868: John Barnes Linnet
Linear Animation
Pages are turned rapidly to simulate
motion
Still a primitive Form of animation
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Praxinoscope
1877: Emile Reynaud
12 picture sequence of
dramatic action
30 feet of transparent
Crystaloid
Mirrors
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Thomas Edison
Experimenting with moving pictures
Invented a mechanized form of flip
book
Mutoscope - mounted the pages on a
central rotating cylinder rather than
binding them in a book
1893: Kinetoscope -- motion picture
camera
First real practical means of making
animation
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Thomas Edison
Demonstrating the
kinetograph (motion
picture camera)
with the assistance
of George Eastman,
who helped develop
the film used in the
early motion picture
machines.
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Pioneers of Animation
J. Stuart Blackton (1875-1941)
Winsor McCay (1867-1934)
John Bray (1874-1978)
Dave and Max Fleischer
(1883-1972, 1884-1979)
Otto Messmer (1892-1983)
Walt Disney (1901-1966)
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J. Stuart Blackton
Fore-Father of Animation
1896: Rapid-drawing Cartoonist" for
a series of Edison shorts.
Photographed drawings
The Enchanted
Drawing
(1900)
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J. Stuart Blackton
"Humorous Phases of Funny Faces"
(1906)
Stop-Motion technique
Animation drawn on a blackboard
3000 drawings
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Winsor McCay
Father of character animation
Well-known for his newspaper comics
"Little Nemo in Slumberland" (1905-
1914)
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Winsor McCay
McCay appeared on stage with his
animated dinosaur, Gertie. (1914)
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Winsor McCay
"The Sinking of the Lusitania" (1918)
was the first propaganda animation.
2 years to create
25,000 drawings
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John Bray
Founder of the first animation studio
Use of grayscale (as opposed to B&W)
"Colonel Heeza Liar's" (1913)
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Fleischer brothers
Max Fleischer invented the rotoscope
technique.
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Fleischer brothers
Fleischer Studios
Betty Boop, Popeye, and Superman
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Otto Messmer
Felix the Cat - First animated
character with personality
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Walt Disney
Producer, director,
screenwriter, voice-
actor, and animator
"Steamboat Willie" -
1928
Not the first Mickey
cartoon made or
released but
considered as Mickey
Mouse's true debut
First cartoon with
sound!
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Disney: Animation as an
Art Form
Innovations
Story board to review story
Pencil sketch to review motion
Colored
Sound
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Walt Disney
Silly Symphonies (1929)
Skeleton Dance
Musical Score
Ub Iwerks - chief animator
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Walt Disney
Three Little Pigs
Fully developed personality animation
Separate personalities
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Walt Disney
Snow white and the seven dwarfs
First fully animated feature-length film
83 minutes
Gave birth to the
golden age of animation
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Other Satellite Studios
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1940-1950s
Reactions against the Disney style.
Bill Hanna and Joe Barbera
Jetsons, Flinstones, Yogi Bear, Scooby
Doo
Tex Avery
Droopy Dog
Paul Terry
Mighty Mouse and Heckle & Jeckle
Chuck Jones
Road Runner, Pepe LePew, Bugs Bunny
and friends
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Principles of Animation
Squash and Stretch
Anticipation
Arcs
Ease in and Out
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Squash and Stretch
A traditional animation technique that
animators commonly use to give
animated objects more realism and
weight.
When an object moves, its movement
indicates the rigidity of the object.
When a moving object comes into
contact with another object, it
deforms upon impact unless it is
completely rigid.
No matter how much an object
squashes or stretches, it should
always maintain the same volume.
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Anticipation
Cues or prepares the audience for a
major action the character is about to
perform.
Examples: Starting to run
About to jump
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Arcs
In the real world, almost all action
moves in an arc.
Joints and Gravity
Grace and clarity of movement
Example: Arm movements
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Arcs
Head Turns
Movement of Objects
Arm Movements
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Ease In and Out
Objects do not move in constant
speed.
Moving objects end gradually not
abruptly
Acceleration
Ease In
Deceleration
Ease Out
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Conceptualizing an
Animated Movie
Concept
Storyline
Characters
Storyboard
Voice Over
Animation
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Concept
Original idea about any of these three
elements that will make the
animation memorable
Message
Character
Animation
Plot
MESSAGE new learning for the audience
CHARACTER new character that has never
been seen before
PLOT new setting and build up events
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Conceptualizing an
Animated Movie
Concept
Storyline
Characters
Storyboard
Voice Over
Animation
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What is a Story?
Any sequence of events with a
beginning, middle, and an end makes
up a story
Story is the most important part of
any animation
Makes up the flow of the animation
sequence
Stories fall into two main categories:
Fact: What actually happened (real
events)
Fiction: Events that are imagined to have
happened
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Storyline
4 ways of writing stories
Something that happened to you (fact)
Something that happened to someone
you know (fact)
Something imaginary based on a factual
situations (fiction/reality)
Something totally imaginary
(fiction/fantasy)
Dramatic twist
Unexpected turn
The reader is not sure what is going to
happen next.
[Link]
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Conceptualizing an
Animated Movie
Concept
Storyline
Characters
Storyboard
Voice Over
Animation
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Characters
In designing a character, we
look at two aspects:
Face
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Characters
Form Basic Silhouette
Shapes
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Characters
Our minds remember the form rather
than the details
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Characters
If form is altered, the character is no
longer the same
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Proportion
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Views
Front Side Back
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Face
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Form + Face
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Conceptualizing an
Animated Movie
Concept
Storyline
Characters
Storyboard
Voice Over
Animation
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A Storyboard
Visual script for your project
Panel-like drawings of key
scenes and events
A visualization of how your
animation will look and how the
animation is sequenced
A step by step guide to creating
the actual animation
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Parts of a Storyboard
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Scene Number
Frame Number
Duration
Scene Title
Storyline
6. Camera Angles / Views
7. Dialogue / Narration
8. Sounds
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Sample Storyboard
(single)
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Conceptualizing an
Animated Movie
Concept
Storyline
Characters
Storyboard
Voice Over
Animation
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Voice Acting
The art of providing voices for
animated characters (including those
in feature films, television series,
animated shorts, and video games)
and radio and audio dramas and
comedy, doing voice-overs in radio
and television commercials, audio
dramas, dubbed foreign language
films, video games, puppet shows,
and amusement rides.
Performers are called voice actors,
voice actresses, or voice artists
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Voice Recording
A script is written by a scriptwriter for
the character dialogues
Voices for an animation is recorded
before the actual animation is
created
The voices recorded will be
synchronized with the animation later
in post-production
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Conceptualizing an
Animated Movie
Concept
Storyline
Characters
Storyboard
Voice Over
Animation
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Creating Animation
In the traditional animation process,
animators will begin by drawing
sequences of animation on sheets of
paper, one picture or "frame" at a
time.
A key animator or lead animator will
draw the key drawings in a scene,
using the character layouts as a
guide.
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Creating Animation
Every second of finished film consists
of 24 frames, requiring 12 to 24
drawings, depending upon the speed
of movement
Faster movements need more
drawings per second
Slower moves can be animated with
less drawings
14 frames per second already gives
the Persistence of Vision effect
The more frames in the animation,
the smoother the output
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Frames per Second (fps)
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Digital Animation
Today, animation can be created
digitally with software like Adobe
Flash, Toon Boom, Toufee,
KoolMoves, Express Animator, and
Anime Studio, all of which export the
animated movie in a .swf format.
SWF format is a very light file that can
be easily distributed over the Internet.
SWF files are in vector file format.
They can be used to transfer
animation to 35 mm film (for video)
without any compromise in image
quality.
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Digital Animation
Animators take advantage of the
software's ability to organize a large
number of assets (such as
characters, scenes, movements, and
props) for later re-use.
Digital Timeline
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Adobe Flash Interface
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Animation Uses
Animation traditionally comes in the
form of cartoons or movies. It is
primarily used for entertainment.
In multimedia projects, these
cartoons or movies have to be
created separately, then imported
into an interactive application for
viewing.
Animation in multimedia projects are
used for introductions, splash pages,
simulations, product demos, and
presentations.
Screen transitions (dissolve, fade out,
zooms, etc) are not considered real
animation. These are merely visual
effects.
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