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Overview of Communal Riots in India

Communal clashes and riots have been a recurring problem in India. Some of the major riots include the 1924 population exchanges during partition that resulted in 900,000 deaths, the 1962 anti-Sikh riots, the 1985 Bombay riots, and the 2002 Gujarat violence. Certain states like Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh have seen above average numbers of Hindu-Muslim riots. Riots often occur due to communal tensions, religion-based politics, electoral competition, and rumors. They result in loss of lives, property damage, economic hardships, and psychological trauma. Addressing the root causes and enforcing laws against communal violence will help reduce riots in India.

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12 views22 pages

Overview of Communal Riots in India

Communal clashes and riots have been a recurring problem in India. Some of the major riots include the 1924 population exchanges during partition that resulted in 900,000 deaths, the 1962 anti-Sikh riots, the 1985 Bombay riots, and the 2002 Gujarat violence. Certain states like Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh have seen above average numbers of Hindu-Muslim riots. Riots often occur due to communal tensions, religion-based politics, electoral competition, and rumors. They result in loss of lives, property damage, economic hardships, and psychological trauma. Addressing the root causes and enforcing laws against communal violence will help reduce riots in India.

Uploaded by

spike_shiragra
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© © All Rights Reserved
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COMMUNAL CLASHES

Riots in India
CONTENTS
Introduction
Major Riots in India
Violation of Laws
Major Contributors
Case Studies
Tackle
Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
RIOTS OR RIGHTS ?
Riot is a form of ciil disorder c!aracteri"ed
b# disor$ani"ed $rou%s&
Riots often occur in reaction to a %erceied $rieance
or out of dissent &
Riots t#%icall# inole andalism and t!e destruction
of %riate and %ublic %ro%ert#&
COMMUNAL RIOTS
Communal riots !ae become a
distinct feature of communalism in
India&
'!eneer conflictin$ $rou%s from
two different reli$ions( w!ic! are
self)conscious communities( clas!(
it results in a communal riot&
Communal Riots*contd&+
,n eent is identified as a communal riot if

*a+ t!ere is iolence( and
*b+ two or
more communall# identified $rou%s
confront eac! ot!er or members of t!e
ot!er $rou% at some %oint durin$ t!e
iolence&
Communal Riots*contd&+
T!e reason for suc! a clas! could be-
a+ Communal tentions
b+ Reli$ion based %olitics
c+ Intensit# of electoral com%etition
d+ Rumours
Impact of the riots
Loss of lies and %ro%erties&
.eo%le feel more t!reatened&
T!reat to societ# and culture&
Riots make c!ildren t!e worst ictim&
/conomic !ards!i%&
. List of states in the sample
(sorted by the average number of riots)
State Total years Average no. of HinduMusli riots Average gro!t" rate# 0+
1& Gujarat 12 13&41 2&41
5& Ma!aras!tra 12 6&12 2&72
3& 8ttar .rades! 12 4&99 5&91
2& :arnataka 12 2&23 3&71
;& <i!ar 12 5&41 9&73
7& ,nd!ra .rades! 12 5&94 3&31
4& 'est <en$al 12 1&23 3&3=
6& Rajast!an 12 1&37 2&31
=& Mad!#a .rades! 12 1&5= 5&19
19& Tamil >adu 12 9&=3 2&55
11& ,ssam 12 9&41 9&=7
15& :erala 12 9&;4 3&3=
13& Orissa 12 9&23 5&55
12& Har#ana 12 9&19 2&13
1;& .unjab 12 9&99 3&11
*data obsered oer t!e %eriod of 1=67 to 1===+
?ournal of .eace Researc!
T!e 'orld <ank
$I%%&ST INCID&NTS
T!e 1=24 @%o%ulation eAc!an$es@ at t!e
%artition of India( resultin$ in an estimated
;99(999 deat!s&
T!e 1=62 anti)Sik! riots(
T!e 1==5 <omba# Riots(
T!e 5995 Gujarat iolence
VIOL,TIO> OB L,'S
Violation of Constitution of India
Section14,1,1!,"#,"1,"","$,"!,%",%!A and #.
Violation of Indian &enal Code of 1!$#'Section 1"#( in
con)unction *it+ %#",Sections 1%,1$$,1,1,1-$,1-,,1!!,

"#%,"!A and #$.
Violation of&/inci0les of Inte/national La*'0assed unde/ U.N.
1esolution "$#A'a00lica2le section unde/ a/ticles 1 to !.
Violation of U.N. 3ecla/ations of Hu4an 1i5+ts'A/ticles 1 to %#.
Ma)o/ Cont/i2uto/s
Role of most im%ortant
%la#ers in s%readin$
of communal iolence-

'OLITICIANS

COMMONS

'OLIC&
Case
Studies
Delhi Sikh Massacre
DRIVI! "#$%&R
O(eration Blue Star was
an Indian militar#
o%eration w!ic! took %lace
3C6 ?une 1=62( ordered
b# .rime Minister
Indira Gand!i in order to
remoe
?arnail Sin$! <!indranwale
and !is armed followers
from t!e Harmandir Sa!ib
in ,mritsar(.unjab&
"I don't give a damn if the Golden Temple
and whole of Amritsar are destroyed, I want
Bhindranwale dead."

(Indira Gandhi, Indian Prime


inister!
What happened in Delhi?
October 31, 1984:Outcome of
OPER!"O# $%&E '!R
(9)*+ am: "ndira ,andhi -a. .hot b/
t-o of her .ecurit/ 0uard. at her
[Link]
(11 am: nnouncement on ll "ndia
Radio .pecif/in0 that the 0uard. -ho
.hot "ndira ,andhi -ere 'i1h.)
D&MOLITION O) $A$RI MOS*U&
Histor#
Ha%%enin$ on site
International Reaction
Liber!an Commission
Verdict
!'(#R#%
RI&%S
Location
Reason
Communities inoled
InDuir# Commission
Result

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