Human Development

It requires a situation where people can freely identify and select their choices. to create an enabling environment for people to enjoy long, healthy and creative lives. The basic purpose of development is to enlarge peoples choices The development of human resources contributes to sustained growth and productive employment. A healthy, educated and skilled workforce can contribute more significantly and effectively to economic development.

Human resource implies the abilities, skills and technical know how , productivity and organizational abilities of population of country. Human development is a means to higher productivity. A wellnourished, healthy, educated, skilled, alert labour force is the most important productive asset. Reduced poverty contributes to a healthy civil society, increased democracy and greater social stability. Human development can help in reducing civil disturbances in a society and in increasing political stability.

Sustained improvement in the standard of living. Social sector development & programmes much more than poverty eradication Greater access to knowledge, better nutrition, health services, more secure livelihood, security against crime & physical violence.

Economic growth Expansion of income

Human development Enlargement of all choices whether econmic, social, cultural or political

Is an end Is a means to higher productivity. Helps in lowering the family size. HD is good for physical environment.

Equity Sustainability Productivity Empowerment

Equitable access to opportunities Fiscal policy reforms Credit requirements Voting rights Women reforms

Sustaining of human opportunities Reduction in disparities in life style. All forms of capital whether physical, human, financial and environment.

People are in a position to exercise choices of their own free will. Political democracy Economic liberalism Requires: Investment in education and health Access to credit Women and men

Equity

Equitable access to opportunities

Sustainability
Productivity

Land reforms Fiscal policy aimed at transferring income from rich to poor Credit requirements of poor people are met Limiting excessive political power Removing social and legal barriers

Natural resources Disparities in life styles removed Human capital Investing in education and health Access to credit and productive assets to all Equality of men and women

Empowerment

Provide equal opportunities irrespective of gender, race, creed or caste to every one to empower oneself and opt for choices according to ones own preferences HD is possible with the shift from market-oriented growth to social oriented growth. Good management and good governance on the part of the state. Accountability, transparency and equality before the law are the important parameters of good governance. High political stability Governance exercise of economic, political and administrative authority to manage a countrys affairs at all levels.

a composite statistic used to rank countries by level of "human development" and separate developed (high development), developing (middle development), and underdeveloped (low development) countries
living a long and healthy life (measured by life expectancy), being educated (measured by adult literacy and enrolment at the primary, secondary and tertiary level) having a decent standard of living (measured by purchasing power parity, PPP, income).

Human Development Index (HDI): A composite index measuring average achievement in three basic dimensions of human developmenta long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living.
Life expectancy at birth: Number of years a newborn infant could expect to live if prevailing patterns of age-specific mortality rates at the time of birth stay the same throughout the infants life. Mean years of schooling: Average number of years of education received by people ages 25 and older, converted from education attainment levels using official durations of each level. Expected years of schooling: Number of years of schooling that a child of school entrance age can expect to receive if prevailing patterns of age-specific enrolment rates persist throughout the childs life.

Gross national income (GNI) per capita: Aggregate income of an economy generated by its production and its ownership of factors of production, less the incomes paid for the use of factors of production owned by the rest of the world, converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity (PPP) rates, divided by midyear population.

In its 2010 Human Development Report, the UNDP began using a new method of calculating the HDI. The following three indices are used: 1. Life Expectancy Index (LEI) 2. Education Index (EI) 2.1 Mean Years of Schooling Index (MYSI) [4] 2.2 Expected Years of Schooling Index (EYSI) [5] 3. Income Index (II) Finally, the HDI is the geometric mean of the previous three normalized indices:
LE: Life expectancy at birth MYS: Mean years of schooling (Years that a 25-year-old person or older has spent in schools) EYS: Expected years of schooling (Years that a 5-year-old child will spend with his education in his whole life) GNIpc: Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita

New method for 2011 data onwards In its 2010 Human Development Report, the UNDP began using a new method of calculating the HDI. The following three indices are used: 1. Life Expectancy Index (LEI)

2. Education Index (EI)

2.1 Mean Years of Schooling Index (MYSI)

2.2 Expected Years of Schooling Index (EYSI)

3. Income Index (II)

Finally, the HDI is the geometric mean of the previous three normalized indices: LE: Finally, the HDI is the geometric mean of the previous three normalized indices:

HDR_2011_EN_Table1.pdf

PRIMARY EDUCATION Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan National Programme for education of Girls at Elementary Education Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidayalaya National Programmme of Mid-Day meals in schools

1995 measures achievements in the same dimensions using the same indicators as the HDI but captures inequalities in achievement between women and men. The greater the gender disparity in basic human development, the lower is a country's GDI relative to its HDI.

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) National Programme for Education of Girls at Elementary Education (NPEGEL) Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV) National programme of mid-day meals in schools

Gross enrolment ratio (GER) has increased from 19.3 in 1990-91 to 39.1in 2004-05. SUCCESS: Scheme for universalisation of access to higher education to all students of 15-16 years by 2015 Universal retention by 2020.

IIM in Shillong III&M in Kanchipuram

The National Rural Health Mission April 12, 2005, to provide accessible, affordable and accountable quality health services to the poorest households in the remotest rural regions. Establishing a fully functional, community owned, decentralized health delivery system with inter - sectoral convergence at all levels, to ensure simultaneous action on a wide range of determinants of health like water, sanitation, education, nutrition, social and gender equality.

Strengthening of Primary Health Infrastructure & Improving Service delivery Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP) Funding for Support Mechanism of ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) Pulse Polio Immunization Programme National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) National AIDS Control Programme Family Planning Programme Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy (AYUSH)