Java Servlets

A N O V E R V I E W O F S E R V L E T T E C H N O L O G Y S E R V E R S E T U P A N D C O N F I G U R AT I O N W E B A P P L I C AT I O N S T R U C T U R E B A S I C S E R V L E T E X A M P L E

Java Servlets - Compiled By Nitin Pai

Servlet basics
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Servlets are the Java technology for serving HTTP requests. They are particularly used for serving HTTP requests, but they can be

used as a basis for serving other requests, too. Basic servlet functionalities implemented by the basic HTTP servlet classes have the features for accessing HTTP request data and managing cookies and sessions. Typically some other technology is used for user interface or representation part.

Basic servlets are not that handy for representation matters.

Java Servlets - Compiled By Nitin Pai

Servlet info
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Servlets are intialized (at this moment you may want to initialize some

data common etc.) Servlets serve the Service requests Finally, servlets are either destroyed by the container or are terminated due to exceptions.

Java Servlets - Compiled By Nitin Pai

Important To Know
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[Link]

Interface defining methods that all servlets implement An abstract class for all Servlets An abstract class for servlets serving HTTP requests. Most importantly, a Http servlet needs to implement the doPost() and doGet() methods, which are called when a post or get request is received. This is the basis for getting started with the implementation http servlets.

[Link]

[Link]

Java Servlets - Compiled By Nitin Pai

Apache Tomcat
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Servlet specification is a standard. To execute servlets, one needs software to implement a standard. Jakarta tomcat of the Apache project is one implementation. For us, it is much easier and much more practical to study servlets

using some environment to execute them. For running Tomcat you need to have: JDK installed and the JAVA_HOME environment variable set CATALINA_HOME set to the tomcat installation directory

Java Servlets - Compiled By Nitin Pai

Servers and IDEs

Tomcat is a servlet container used for hosting JSP/Servlets

Basic installation is easy

Tomcat port (the port that tomcat listens) can be configured, by default

it is 8080 Once tomcat is up and running, you may build and install applications. Eclipse and NetBeans are the most commonly used IDEs used today. Eclipse is available as a zip archive and has a pluggable architecture

Java Servlets - Compiled By Nitin Pai

Development & Deployment Structures

Deployment is configured in [Link] and built through Ant Application root: [Link]

Configures the application properties and how to build/install/remove it.

src subdirectory: application sources

web subdirectory: web contents (web documentroot)

html files, jsp files (more on these later), WEB-INF subdirectory contains web configuration (see examples)

build subdirectory: This is where deployment will build the application

(the contents are not supplied by the developer, the installation will normally create these files). Again, see examples.

Java Servlets - Compiled By Nitin Pai

Tomcat application installation (deployment)

There are many ways for web application deployment

Using the Tomcat manager For this, use a war file (a jar file with a name ending in .war).

Using the tomcat web manager, upload the war file.

There is password authentication here and you need a Tomcat username/password with rights to install applications. Upload the file with managers html interface. Tomcat will unpack the war file and install the application as it is configured in the configuration files.
[Link] specifies the ant operations Ant is in a sense similar to the Make facility on Linux.

ant installation using the xml file that specifies the installation

Java Servlets - Compiled By Nitin Pai

Java Servlet Web Application

Servlet development (learning) life cycle

Development

Defining servlet classes, methods and properties

Deployment

Servlet mapping to web environment (Deployment on Tomcat)

Execution

Java Servlets - Compiled By Nitin Pai

Basic Servlet Structure

public class HelloWorld extends [Link]

public void doGet( [Link] request,

public void doPost( [Link] request,

Java Servlets - Compiled By Nitin Pai

Constructor and Main Method

Servlet instances are created (invoked) by servlet container

automatically when requested not by user classes or methods

No need to define constructor

The entry point is NOT the main method, but the two

methods

Use doGet or doPost to perform tasks

Java Servlets - Compiled By Nitin Pai

Servlet Deployment
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Sample Web content root folder (public_html)

The starting point of the whole web application All files and sub-directories goes here: html, images, documents

/public_html/WEB-INF/

This folder contains configuration files and compiled class Not directly accessible through the web

/public_html/WEB-INF/classes/

All compiled classes (servlet classes and other classes) are in this folder

Java Servlets - Compiled By Nitin Pai

Servlet Mapping
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Servlet class needs to be mapped to an accessible

URI (mainly through HTTP)

general pattern (invoker servlet)

[Link] [Link]

Specific mapping: using the configuration file

[Link]

A servlet is specifically mapped to a user defined URL

Java Servlets - Compiled By Nitin Pai

[Link] Configuration
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Using the file

[Link] for more specific mapping

The file is in the WEB-INF folder

<servlet> <servlet-name>HelloW</servlet-name> <servlet-class>HelloWorld</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>HelloW</servlet-name> <url-pattern>hello</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>

Example

Servlet class

[Link]

Application context:

[Link] [Link] [Link]

Invoker class mapping

Specific mapping For more mapping examples, see example [Link]

Java Servlets - Compiled By Nitin Pai

Assignment
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Install Tomcat and run it at localhost:8080 Create a new Web Project Training Project in Eclipse Make a new Servlet [Link] Map the servlet to [Link] Create a war file and upload it to Tomcat using Eclipse and Tomcat Manager

Tomorrow: Request & Response

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