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Symmetry Properties of Circles

1) A circle is symmetrical about any diameter that passes through its center. The diameters are the axes of symmetry. 2) When a radius is perpendicular to a chord, it bisects the chord into two equal parts. Conversely, if a chord is bisected, the radius will be perpendicular to it. 3) Two chords of equal length are equidistant from the center. If two chords are equidistant from the center, they are of equal length.

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237 views17 pages

Symmetry Properties of Circles

1) A circle is symmetrical about any diameter that passes through its center. The diameters are the axes of symmetry. 2) When a radius is perpendicular to a chord, it bisects the chord into two equal parts. Conversely, if a chord is bisected, the radius will be perpendicular to it. 3) Two chords of equal length are equidistant from the center. If two chords are equidistant from the center, they are of equal length.

Uploaded by

dianag74
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Chapter 3 Introduction
  • Symmetry of Circles
  • Properties of Chords
  • Arcs and Segments
  • Examples and Problems

CHAPTER 3

CIRCLES II

Symmetry Of Circles
A circle is symmetrical about any line that passes through its centre. Example:

Any diameter of a circle is an axis of symmetry

Axes of symmetry

Example: Identify the axis of symmetry for the following circles.


U J K P O Q S O M

T R

TU

LM

Properties Of Chords
A radius that is perpendicular to a chord divides the chord into two equal parts and vice versa.
When OP AB, then AT = TB. When AT = TB, then OP AB.

T P

Example:

Find the lengths of x and y.

10 cm

x cm

8 cm x = ______________________ 6 cm y = ______________________

y cm 8 cm

The perpendicular bisectors of two chords intersects at the centre of the circle.
E D F

O C A B

AC and DF are two chords. BO and EO meet at the centre O.

Two chords that are equal in length are equidistant from the centre and vice versa.
P X Q

When PQ = RS, then OX = OY. When OX = OY, then PQ = RS.

Example:
F X G E

Given that EF = GH = 12 cm and OF = 10 cm, find the length of OX.


8 cm OX = _________
Y

Chords of the same length cut arcs of the same length.


B C

When chord AB = chord CD = chord EF, then minor arc AB = minor arc CD = minor arc EF.
A D F E

Example:
J K

Given that JL = NL and NML is 18 cm, find the length of JKL.


L

18 cm JKL = _________
N M

minor segment

major segment
Q

XPY is called a minor arc while XQY is called a major arc.

Example: 1. In the diagram, AB = DC. AMB, DNC and DOB are straight lines. If O is the centre of the circle, MN = 16cm and DB = 20cm, find the length of AB.
OB =
A M B

1 2 1 2

DB = 10 cm

OM =
O

MN = 8 cm

MB = 102 - 8 2 =
D N C

100 - 64 36

= 6 cm

AB = 2 x 6 = 12 cm

2. In the diagram, P and Q are the centres of two identical circles of radius 15cm. If KL = MN = 24cm, find the length of XY. 24
KX = XP = = 2 = 12 cm

152 - 122 225 - 144 81

X P Q

= 9 cm

XY = XP + PQ + QY = 9 cm + 15 cm + 9 cm = 33 cm

3. Given that PQ = 12 cm and RS = 8 cm, find the length of PM and RN.


P

PM =
Q

12 cm 2

= 6 cm RN = 8 cm 2

= 4 cm

4. In the figure above, BD = 4 cm. Find the length of AOB.

EB = BD = 4 cm
E 5 cm A O C

OB = 3 cm
AOB = 5 cm + 3 cm = 8 cm

B 4 cm D

5. Given that the radius of the circle is 10 cm and RT is 12 cm, find the length of PS.

RS = 6 cm
T

OS = 8 cm
O S Q

PS = 10 cm + 8 cm = 18 cm

5. In the figure, the arcs SVT and PQR are of the same length. Given that OS = 13 cm, find the length of UR and OU.
R Q U O P T V 10 cm S

PR = 10 cm
UR = 5 cm
2 OU =

= 132 - 52 = 169 - 25 OU = 144 = 12 cm

2 OR

2 UR

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