Environmental Controls I/IG
Lecture 13
Solar Geometry Shading Strategies
Sun Position
Can be described by two angles:
Altitude Azimuth
S: p. 1514, T.C.12
Solar Angles
Describe the sun position relative to a vertical surface
Solar Altitude: (beta)
Vertical angle to sun position
Solar Azimuth: (phi)
Horizontal bearing angle from south
Surface Azimuth: (psi)
Surface horizontal bearing angle from south
Surface Solar Azimuth: (gamma)
Angle between solar and surface azimuths
=-
Sign Conventions
Angles east of south are negative Angles west of south are positive
90 -90
45 + 0 S
-45
Calculating Surface Solar Azimuth
=
For example:
Building faade is oriented south east ( =-45)
Solar azimuth () is 30 west of south = 30 (-45) = 75
30 -45
Note: || 90, faade in shade
Profile Angle: (omega)
Defines limits of shade conditions For horizontal projections: TAN()=TAN() / COS(Y)
Profile Angle: (omega)
For horizontal projections:
SH=PH TAN()
where, PH: width of enclosing side of horizontal projection SH: height of shadow below horizontal projection
Profile Angle: (omega)
Defines limits of shade conditions For vertical projections: TAN()=TAN(Y)
Profile Angle: (omega)
For vertical projections:
Sw=Pv TAN(Y)
where, Pv: width of enclosing side of vertical projection Sw: width of shadow beyond vertical projection
Sizing Horizontal Projections
Establish fenestration pattern and determine size of openings
Sizing Horizontal Projections
Determine cut off date and time for solar penetration
Mar 21 @10 AM solar time Determine surface azimuth Due south, =0
?
Determine required shadow height
SH=6
Sizing Horizontal Projections
Establish profile () angles for the solstices at solar noon using surface solar azimuth (Y = ). At solar noon (=0) and for L=40, =0:
12/21
=90-23.5-L=26.5 TAN(w)=TAN()/COS(Y) w=26.5 =90+23.5-L=73.5 TAN(s)=TAN()/COS(Y) s=73.5
6/21
Sizing Horizontal Projections
Establish profile () angles for cut off date and time using surface solar azimuth (Y = ). At 10 AM solar time and for L=40, =0:
Sizing Horizontal Projections
Mar 21 @10 AM Solar Time = 41.6 = -41.9
Y=- Y=-41.9-0=-41.9
S: p. 1514, T.C.12
Sizing Horizontal Projections
Establish profile () angles for cut off date and time using surface solar azimuth (Y = ).
At 10 AM solar time and for L=40, =0:
3/21 =41.6 Y=-41.9 TAN()=TAN()/COS(Y) TAN()= 0.888/0.744= 1.19 =50
Sizing Horizontal Projections
Given SH = 6 and SH=PH Tan() Solve for PH PH=SH/TAN() PH=6/1.19=5.04 ~ 5-0 say 5-0
Solar Envelope
Reduce horizontal projections by adding horizontal louvers in a vertical screen
Louver Spacing Sh
Ph
Sizing Horizontal Projections
Use the summer solstice profile angle (S) to determine spacing of vertical louvers
S
H S
Spacing (S)= H/TAN(S)
If H=12, then S=12/TAN(S)=3.55 say 3
Note: method does not include louver thickness
Sizing Horizontal Projections
Use the summer solstice profile angle (S) to determine spacing of reverse inclined louvers
H S S 2S
Spacing (S)= H/TAN(S) If H=12, then S=12/TAN(S)=3.55 say 3
Note: method does not include louver thickness
Lateral Penetration
Mar 21 at 10 AM solar time
When Y0, lateral penetration occurs at an angle =
Lateral Penetration Solutions
Extend projection bilaterally
Lateral Penetration Solutions
Install vertical component bilaterally
Critical Angle Analysis
Critical angles define solar aperture height (SAH)
W
SAH S
Sizing Vertical Projections
SW=|PVTAN(Y)|
or
PV=|SW/TAN(Y)|
Sizing Vertical Projections
On Mar 21 @ 10 AM (Y=-41.9), if SW=6 what should PV be to shade window
PV=|SW/TAN(Y)| PV=|6/-1.115|=5.4 ~5-5
Shading Strategies
Shading Devices Overview
South Faade: Horizontal overhang or Brise-soleil
San Cristobal Stables
The Capital (Chandigarh)
Shading Devices Overview
East/West Faade: Vertical fins angled to the north and/or Brise-soleil
Keio University Graduate School Research Center
Monastery of Ste Marie de La Tourette
Shading Devices Overview
North Faade: Vertical fins (used in hot climates only)
Phoenix Central Library
L: p. 559 fig. 17.10b
Shading Devices Tectonics
Vertical
Louvers or Screens
John Deere Headquarters, Moline IL
Jewett Art Center, Wellesley, MA
Shading Devices Tectonics
Horizontal
Solid and louvered planes, projections or recesses
Paimio Sanatorium, Finland
Getty Center Los Angeles, CA
Shading Devices Tectonics
Sculptural Form
Thickness Projections Screens
Reynolds Aluminum Building, Detroit, MI
Unity Temple, Oak Park, IL Beach House, Lido Shores, FL
Obayashi Tokyo Design Center