STATE OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION MANAGEMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES
Scope of Presentation
The Philippine Disaster Management System: An Overview
- Natural Hazards Setting in the Philippines
- Impacts of Disasters ( Global and National)
- Milestones and Trends of DM in RP
- Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010
WHERES PHILIPPINES IN ASIA? - It lies between 1160 40 and 125034E longitude, and 4040 and 21010N latitude and borders the Philippine Sea on the east, the South China Sea on the west and the Celebes Sea on the South
An archipelago of 7,107 islands, divided into three island groups: Luzon (Regions I to V, NCR and CAR), Visayas (Regions VI to VIII), and Mindanao (Regions IX to XIII and ARMM Total land area of approximately 300,000 sq. kms. (116,000 sq. mi) Population - about 88 million Real GDP Growth Rate - 2007 : 7.3% (fastest pace in 30 yrs.) - 2008 : 5.8% Climate is hot, humid and tropical; average temperature is around 26.50C (79.70F)
Natural Hazards Setting in the Philippines
The geographic and geological setting of the Philippines make it prone to natural hazards such as typhoon (hurricane/cyclone), flood/flashflood, landslide, earthquake, volcanic eruption and tsunami.
Natural Hazards Setting in the Philippines
It is situated in the Pacific Ring of Fire where two major tectonic plates of the world, i.e. the Pacific Plate and the Eurasian plate, meet; this explains the occurrence of:
- 20 earthquakes recorded per day - 100 to 200 earthquakes felt every year - 90 destructive earthquakes for the past 400 years - tsunamis - existence of 220 volcanoes, of which 22 are classified as active
Natural Hazards Setting in the Philippines
It is located along the typhoon belt on the North Pacific Basin in the Pacific where 75 percent of typhoons originate: - average 20 to 30 typhoons per year, 5 to 7 of which can be destructive - eastern seaboard is highly exposed to typhoons with wind speeds of 200 kilometers per hour - 25 percent of typhoons of such high wind speeds in the world occur in the Philippine Area of Responsibility
Other Hazards. . . .
Sea and Air Mishaps Bird Flu
Oil Spill
Terrorism
Climate Change
Frequency and impacts in the Philippines
Source: UNDP Disaster risk Index, 1980-2000
Annual frequency of natural disasters 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Natural disaster losses
Losses (million US$)
2,400 2,000 1,600 1,200 800 400 -
Frequency
19 50
19 60
19 70
19 80
19 90
19 50
19 60
19 70
19 80
19 90
Year
20 00
Source: CRED, 2006
Year
20 00
No. of deaths, injuries and affected persons, 1980-2006
70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 Deaths Injured Affected ('000 persons)
1980-1990 5,220 19,315 13,713
1990-2000 17,249 15,166 68,911
2000-2006 8,555 6,201 42,543
Estimated Damage of Disasters
(In M P @ 2000 Prices)
On the average, annual direct damage is P15 B
For typhoons, average of 0.5% of GDP every year
80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0
19 70 19 8 4 19 9 8 19 71 19 8 5 19 9 9 19 72 19 8 6 2000 19 73 19 8 7 2001 19 74 19 8 8 2002
15 disasters (1978)
Luzon Earthquake (1990)
1.2% of GDP
Pinatubo Eruption (1991)
Droughts (1984; 1987)
0.9% of GDP
19 75 19 8 9 2003
19 76 19 9 0 2004
19 77 19 9 1 2005
19 78 19 9 2 2006
19 79 19 9 3
19 8 0 19 9 4
19 8 1 19 9 5
19 8 2 19 9 6
19 8 3 19 9 7
Source: WB-NDCC
CALAMITY FUND APPROPRIATIONS VS. COST OF DIRECT DAMAGE (1991-2007)*
45,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 APPROPRIATIONS 1991 2001 1992 2002 1993 2003 1994 2004 1995 2005 1996 2006 COST OF DAMAGE 1997 2007 1998 1999 2000
*January to June 2007. Appropriations include 8 billion CARE fund
Geographical and Typological Distribution of Natural Disasters
Number of natural disasters by origin: 1995-2004
Source: EMDAT/ISDR
RUSSIA
Asia is the region most at risk of disaster.
KAZAKHASTAN MONGOLIA NORTH KOREA UZBEKISTAN AZERBAIJAN TURKMENISTAN SYRIA IRAQ JORDAN IRAN NEPAL PAKISTAN SAUDI ARABIA OMAN YEMEN BHUTAN BANGLADESH INDIA BURMA LAOS VIETNAM PHILIPPINES AFGHANISTAN KYRGYZSTAN TAJIKISTAN CHINA SOUTH KOREA JAPAN
TAIWAN
HONG KONG
THAILAND
CAMBODIA
SRI LANKA
MALAYSIA
SINGAPORE
75% of all human life losses 88% of all affected populations 54% of all economic damages
INDONESIA
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Disasters bring home several realities:
Natural disasters are a major source of risk for the poor That disasters can reverse hard-won development gains, illustrating the relationships between poverty reduction, environmental degradation and vulnerability to disasters That capacity for disaster risk reduction or the lack of it therefore lies at the heart of reducing the risk of disaster
Disasters and Development
. . . that disasters seriously undermine the results of development investments in very short time, and therefore, remain a major impediment to sustainable development and poverty reduction . . .
. . . January 2005 WCNDR Declaration
Disasters and Development
It is no accident that 90% of disasters worldwide are in developing countries. Poverty and population pressures are forcing a great number of people to live in Harms way flood plains, earthquake-prone areas and unstable slopes and hills. Their extraordinary vulnerability is perhaps the single most important cause of disaster casualties.
. . . Kofi Annan, former UN Sec-Gen
War Emergency Mode Civil Defense
Milestones and Trends in DM
70s 80s
Disaster Preparedness Disaster Response
90s 2003
Disaster Management
2004 Present
Disaster Risk Management
Typhoon Yoling Birth of OCD AEGDM PD 1566
1990 Earthquake Pinatubo Eruption RA 7160 IDNDR 1997 Natl. DM Trng. Framework 1998 General Appropriation Act EO 137 dtd Aug. 10, 1999 ACDM / ARPDM ISDR
REINA / Guinsaugon Landslides Milenyo, Paeng, Reming, Seniang Guimaras Oil Spill Cosme Frank MV Princess of the Stars Tragedy
Indian Ocean EQ & Tsunami Hurricane Katrina Cyclone Nargis Sichuan EQ DRR Initiatives -AADMER -HFA -READY Project
Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010
Updated Legal Authority
PD 1566
June 11, 1978
RA 10121
May 27, 2010
The Philippine The Philippine Disaster Management System Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System
An Act Strengthening the Philippines Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System, Providing for the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework, and Institutionalizing the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan, Appropriating Funds Therefor and For other Purposes
Strengthening the Philippine Disaster Control Capability and Establishing the National Program on Community Disaster Preparedness
Old NDCC Composition Nineteen (19) Agencies
Chairman: Secretary, Dept. of National Defense Members: Secretary, Dept. of Int.& Local Govt. Secretary, Dept. of Public Works and Highway Secretary, Dept. of Health Secretary, Dept. of Social Welfare Secretary, Dept. of Agriculture Secretary, Dept. of Education Secretary, Dept. of Finance Secretary, Dept. of Labor & Employment Secretary, Dept. of Trade & Industry Secretary, Dept. of Trans. & Comm. Secretary, Dept. of Science & Tech. Secretary, Dept. of Budget Secretary, Dept. of Justice Secretary, Dept. of Environment & Natural Resources Director, Phil. Info. Agency Sec-Gen - Phil Natl Red Cross Chief of Staff, AFP Executive Officer: Administrator, Office of Civil Defense / Member
New NDRRMC Composition Forty-Four (44) Agencies
Chairperson: Secretary, DND Vice-Chairpersons: DILG Disaster Preparedness DSWD Disaster Response DOST Disaster Prevention and Mitigation NEDA Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery Members: Thirty-Nine (39) Fourteen (14) line departments ( DOH, DENR, DA, DepEd, DOE, DOF, DTI, DOTC, DBM, DPWH, DFA, DOJ, DOLE and DOT) Twelve (12) other government agencies / offices (Office of the Executive Secretary, OPAPP, CHED, AFP, PNP, Office of the Press Secretary, NAPC-VDC, NCRFW, HUDCC, Climate Change Commission, PHILHEALTH and OCD) Two (2) GFIs (GSIS and SSS) One quasi-government agency (Philippine Red Cross)) Five (5) LGU Leagues (ULAP, LPP, LCP, LMP and LnB) Four (4) Civil Society Organizations One (1) Private Sector Organization Executive Director: OCD Administrator with the rank of Undersecretary Operating Facility: National DRRMOC
PD No. 1566
Disaster Coordinating
Councils (DCCs) - National - Regional - Provincial - City - Municipal - Barangay Office of Civil Defense Local DMO (not institutionalized)
RA 10121
Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Councils (DRRMCs) - National - Regional - Provincial - City - Municipal - Barangay Dev. Council which shall serve as the BDRRM Council Office of Civil Defense Local DRRMO - P/C/M DRRMO - Brgy. Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Committee
National Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC)
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC)
PD No. 1566
RA 10121
MONITORING AND EVALUATION
FUNCTION
HIGHEST POLICY MAKING, COORDINATING AND SUPERVISING BODY AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN THE COUNTRY ADVISES THE PRESIDENT ON THE STATUS OF NATIONAL DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND MANAGEMENT PLAN RECOMMENDS TO THE PRESIDENT THE DECLARATION OF STATE OF CALAMITY AND RELEASE OF NATIONAL CALAMITY FUND AS NEEDED
EO 888*: Adopting the Strategic National Action Plan (SNAP) on DRR 2009-2019 & Institutionalizing DRR
No.
1 2 3 4
Program/Project
Governance and Peace/Disaster Risk Management (DRM) Act Multi-stakeholder Dialogues on Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) Institutionalization of Disaster Management Office (DMO) Enhancing Capacity Development for Local Disaster Coordinating Councils (LDCCs) Mainstreaming DRR into the Peace Process Mainstreaming DRR in Various Government Plans and Programs Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Resource Mobilization Information and Database Generation
Agency of Primary Responsibility OCD 0CD DILG DILG
5 6
7 8 9
DND-AFP and OPPAP NEDA
OCD DBM DENR-NAMRIA
*Signed on June 7, 2010
Strategic National Action Plan (SNAP)
No. 10 11 Program/Project Knowledge Management Supporting DRR: Mainstreaming through Sectoral Approach Preparedness for Effective Disaster Response Information, Education and Communication (IEC) Campaign Institutional and Technical Capacity Building Education and Research Forecasting and Early Warning Risk Evaluation Development of Tools for Assessment and Monitoring of DRR Measures Agency of Primary Responsibility DOST OCD
12 13
OCD PIA
14 15 16 17 18
OCD DepEd, CHED, DOST DOST DILG NEDA
Local (P/ C/ M) Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils (LDRRMC)
Chairperson: Governor / Mayor
Members: Eighteen (18) - Local Planning and Development Officer; Head of the LDRRMO, Head of the Local Social Welfare and Development Office, Head of the Local Health Office,Head of the Local Agriculture Office, Head of the Gender and Development Office, Head of the Local Engineering Office, Head of the Local Veterinary Office, Head of the Local Budget Office, Division Head / Superintendent of Schools of the DepEd, Highest-ranking Officer of the Armed Forces of the Philippines assigned in the area, Provincial Director/City/Municipal Chief of the Philippine National Police (PNP), Provincial Director/City/ Municipal Fire Marshall of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP), President of the Association of Barangay Captains (ABC), Philippine National Red Cross (PNRC), Four (4) accredited CSOs, and One (1) private sector representative
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
Present BDCCs shall cease to exist; its powers and functions to be assumed by the Barangay Development Council (BDC) which shall serve as the Barangay DRRMC BDRRMC shall be a regular committee of the
existing BDC and shall be subject thereto. Punong Barangay shall facilitate and ensure the participation of at least two (2) CSO representatives from existing and active community-based peoples organizations representing the most vulnerable and marginalized groups in the barangay.
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
Barangay Level Disaster Organization
OFFICE OF CIVIL DEFENSE
(Created through Letter of Instruction NO.19, S-1972)
Vision
A service-oriented organization A prepared nation
The OCD serves as operating arm & secretariat of the NDCC.
A safe population
Mission: To administer a comprehensive national civil defense and civil assistance program by providing leadership in the continuous development of measures to reduce risk to communities and manage the consequence of disasters.
16 OCD REGIONAL CENTERS
as of Mar. 2001 Bobby S.
as of Mar. 2001
reduce risk, vulnerability & hazard
vulnerability reduced
NDCC DISASTER MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK
Pre-Event
risk assessments, plans, arrangements, training & exercises
hazard/risk analysis
MITIGATION
PREPAREDNESS
mostly back to normal
disaster / emergency
REHABILITATION
healing, repair, reconstruction & recovery
RESPONSE
situation stabilized
Post-Event
no longer direct threat to life/safety and property
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Pre-Event
READY Project (UNDP/AusAID/ADB) 27 Provinces Prioritization of Mapping (GOP) 16 Provinces Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction
Infrastructure : DPWH/ADPC Education Sector : DepEd/ADPC/ECHO Land-use & Physical Planning : NEDA/UNDP/ECHO Local Governance : DILG/GTZ/ECHO Environment : DENR/Spanish Govt/WB Health : DOH/UNISDR/WHO
Climate Change Act of 2009 : R.A. 9729 - Flood Mitigation Master Plan DENR/DPWH
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Pre-Event
NDCC Four- Point Plan of Action Keeping RP Bird-Flu Free: NAIPTF / AIPI Network Contingency Planning: LGUs/UNHCR National WASAR Training LGUs PEER Program (CSSR, MFR, HOPE) NSET/USAID CBRN Response Capacity Building Canada/USA
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Mobilize Resources
- Local Government Units - National Government Agencies (UN Cluster Approach) - NGOs/Private Sector/ Civil Society) - International (NGOs, Aid Agencies, UN)
PMO 36, IHAN, ASEAN AADMER (SASOP), Cluster Approach
UN OCHA (UNDAC, Relief Web, [Link], INSARAG, ARF-VDR)
Post-Event
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Build disaster resilient infrastructure and communities Rebuild houses and restore damaged infrastructure Address the immediate need for alternative livelihood Strengthen disaster risk reduction measures
Strengthen institutional capacity
Provide for business continuity
BUILD BACK BETTER
Post-Event
International Frameworks that support and catalyze the strengthening of DRM
Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)
ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management & Emergency Response
building the
resilience of communities to disasters
(AADMER)
Republic Act 10121 & SNAP (EO 888)
Convergence of international, regional & national
frameworks (HFA, AADMER and RA 10121) as inputs Processes in whole range of disaster management Output/ end-state = resilient communities in ASEAN
ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response (AADMER)
Initiated in mid 04, mandate given 3 weeks before the December 26, 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Draft negotiated in 05 within 4 months Signed by Foreign Ministers of ASEAN on 26 July 2005 in Vientiane, Lao PDR Ratified by all AMS as of September 17, 2009 Entry into force on December 24, 2009 The first ever HFA-related binding instrument in the world
Tasks at Hand
Crafting of Comprehensive DRRM Strategic Framework and NDRRM Plan Continuous Implementation of the Strategic National Action Plan (SNAP) under Executive Order 888 (to be anchored with the Comprehensive DRRM Strategic Framework) Enhanced DRR Capacity Building Support to LDCCs (later LDRRMCs) through full Regionalization of the OCD Multi-stakeholder engagement and cooperation Whole of Society Approach in DRR Synergetic Inter-linkage with Climate Change Initiatives Continuous Development of Community Based DRR and end to end early warning systems. Resource Mobilization for sustaining DRR outside the calamity fund(National/local govt. vis--vis private/public contribution)