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Non-Chemical Pest Control Strategies

Hybrid sterility occurs when males and females of different strains produce non-viable offspring. It can be caused by direct genetic manipulation, such as transposable elements, or microbially mediated mechanisms like cytoplasmic incompatibility. Physical and mechanical control tactics include environmental modification, physical exclusion, and direct control of pest individuals. These are used in special situations like structural integrated pest management or controlling vertebrate pests. Environmental modifications eliminate conditions that attract pests, exclusions prevent pests from entering areas, and direct controls remove pests by hand or traps.

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Irfan Hussain
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4 views17 pages

Non-Chemical Pest Control Strategies

Hybrid sterility occurs when males and females of different strains produce non-viable offspring. It can be caused by direct genetic manipulation, such as transposable elements, or microbially mediated mechanisms like cytoplasmic incompatibility. Physical and mechanical control tactics include environmental modification, physical exclusion, and direct control of pest individuals. These are used in special situations like structural integrated pest management or controlling vertebrate pests. Environmental modifications eliminate conditions that attract pests, exclusions prevent pests from entering areas, and direct controls remove pests by hand or traps.

Uploaded by

Irfan Hussain
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

3.

Hybrid Sterility
Males & Females of different strains can produce non-viable offspring Incompatible strains can be generated through several ways
Direct genetic manipulation (Transposable Elements) Microbially-mediated (Cytoplasmic Incompatibility)

Example: Wolbachia in lower flies

Physical & Mechanical Tactics


Main Categories
Environmental Modification Physical Exclusion Direct control of pest individuals

These tend to be used in special situations such as structural IPM or with special types of pests such as vertebrates.

Environmental Modifications in Structures


Eliminate conditions conducive to a pest infestation will reduce pest attractions to a particular area. These include:
Removing the breeding source if possible, Eliminating moisture conditions, Eliminating harborages, Cutting back shrubs and tree limbs next to buildings, Using proper lighting (light management) to draw night flying insects away from the property.

Environmental Modification Categories


Temperature often used for stored products
Heat Cold
Flame weeders

Water
Flooding Dessication Irrigation

Light
Mulches
Organic mulches were recently living tissue

Inorganic mulches were never living. Gravel, rock, plastic, landscape fabric, etc.

Exclusion Used 4 Ways


Note: Exclusion is very often associated with structural pest management

1. Used to keep pests from entering an area or building 2. Limit movement within an area 3. Isolating a recurring pest problem (e.g. entrance or doorway) 4. Isolating a highly sensitive area (e.g. operating room).

Exclusion in Structures
Doors fit & seal, windows screened, both kept shut. Caulking & other sealants used at:
Utility entrances (plumbing, electrical, sewer) Exterior (wood trim, brick mortar, foundation cracks & crevices).

Isolation of deliveries & waste.

Birds in structures are often managed via exclusion

Physical Exclusion in Fields


Barriers: Effectiveness varies by pest
Mollusks Arthropods Birds Mammals

Traps
Weeds Arthropods Vertebrates

Barrier Examples
Netting and screens are often used as an insect barrier

Slugs wont cross copper

Floating row covers on cabbage protecting against cabbage butterflies

Trap Examples -- Click on picture for more detail


Slug trap Numerous live traps for vertebrates can be found here

Pathogen trap for use in greenhouses or irrigation water

Physical Controls in Structures


Using energy factors in the environment such as heat, cold, light, sound, x-rays, infrared rays, etc., to kill pests or attract them to a killing mechanism

Thermal Controls (heat and cold treatment) Electrocution (zappers) Microwave suspect materials

Direct Control
Removing pests by hand or using mechanical devices to trap, kill, or keep them out

Hand picking, killing individually Some Traps Vacuums Hoeing Shooting

Hand Picking Examples

Trap Placement in Structures


Place close to walls, behind objects in dark corners, wherever pest activity seen. Place them so that pests following normal travel (usually close to a wall) will pass directly over the trigger. Leave traps untriggered until the bait has been taken at least once prevents rats or mice becoming trap-shy. Baits compete with other food sources.

Problems with Mechanical Control


Generally more practical in small areas than large ones. Labor intensive Cumbersome (e.g. must remember where traps are located & service them) Inefficient (removes only a small portion of pest population) Often viewed as inhumane Traps are more useful as a monitoring procedure.

Summary of Non-Chemical Methods


Method Exclusion Habitat & Behav. Mod Physical Control Mechanical Control Control Monitoring Control Type Effectiveness Effectiveness High High Moderate Preventative Preventative & Curative Curative None None Moderate

Low

Curative

High

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