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Process States in Operating Systems

The document discusses the components and functions of an operating system, focusing on process management. It describes the main components of an OS as including processor management, memory management, file management, security, user interface, device management, and network management. It then discusses process management in more detail, noting that it ensures each process receives enough processor time and deals with process states, descriptors, interrupts, and deadlocks. It describes the main process states as ready, running, and blocked. It concludes by explaining that each process is represented by a process control block that contains important information like the process ID, state, priority, register saves, memory pointers, and open file lists.

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50 views12 pages

Process States in Operating Systems

The document discusses the components and functions of an operating system, focusing on process management. It describes the main components of an OS as including processor management, memory management, file management, security, user interface, device management, and network management. It then discusses process management in more detail, noting that it ensures each process receives enough processor time and deals with process states, descriptors, interrupts, and deadlocks. It describes the main process states as ready, running, and blocked. It concludes by explaining that each process is represented by a process control block that contains important information like the process ID, state, priority, register saves, memory pointers, and open file lists.

Uploaded by

KOMERTDFDF
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Operating System

U2M3 Lecture 2 Components / Functions of OS Process Management process states

Objectives
List the components / functions of an OS Describe Process management Describe process states Describe process control block

Components of an OS
Processor management. Memory management. File management File Security User interface Device management Network management

Process Management
Ensure that each process and application receives enough of the processor's time to function properly. Deals with
Process States Process Descriptor Interrupts Deadlocks Scheduling

Process States

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Process States
Ready - A "ready" or "waiting" process has been loaded into main memory and is awaiting execution on a CPU. There may be many "ready" processes at any one point of the systems execution - for example, in a one processor system, only one process can be executing at any one time, and all other "concurrently executing" processes will be waiting for execution.

Running - A process moves into the running state when it is chosen for execution. The process's instructions are executed by one of the CPUs (or cores) of the system. There is at most one running process per CPU or core. Blocked - A process that is blocked on some event (such as I/O operation completion or a signal). Eg: If a process (program) is instructed to open a selected file, the process is placed into the blocked state until the file is selected.

Process Control Block (PCB)


A process in an operating system is represented by a data structure known as a process control block (PCB) or process descriptor. The PCB contains important information about the specific process including

Process Control Block (PCB)

Process Control Block (PCB)


Process Id An unique identification of the process in order to track "which process is which Process state -The current state of the process i.e., whether it is ready, running, blocked Process priority- how urgently is the process required to be completed (a part of CPU scheduling information

Process Control Block


A register save area Saves all the CPU registers for context switching. Pointers to the Process Memory - pointers to the locations where the process image resides in the memory. Pointers to Other Resources- gives pointers to other data structures maintained for the process.

Process Control Block


List of Open files is used by the Operating System to close all open files not closed by a process explicitly on termination. Pointers to Other PCBs- This gives the address of the next PCB in the same category (e.g. process state)

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