METHANOL
Its chemical formula is CH3OH(often Me OH). Methanol Its chemical , also formula known isas CH methyl alcohol Me, OH). wood 3OH(often , wood naphtha or wood . alcohol Methanol , also known as spirits methyl alcohol, wood Modern alcohol,methanol wood naphtha is produced or wood in aspirits catalytic . industrial process from monoxide, carbonfrom dioxide, and hydrogen. directly In India it carbon is produced generally Natural Gas and Methanol Naphtha. burns in oxygen (including open air), forming carbon and dioxide 2 CH3OH + water 3 O2 2 CO2 + 4 H2O 2 CH3OH + 3 O2 2 CO2 + 4 H2O colorless flammable liquid with a distinctive odor slightly sweeter than ethanol (drinking alcohol).
PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Melting Point : -97.7 0C Boiling Point : 65 0C Relative Density : 0.79 Formula: CH3OH Molecular weight: 32.042 kg/kmol Heat of Formation -201.3 MJ/kmol Gibbs Free Energy -162.62 MJ/kmol Freezing point: -97.7 C Boiling point: 64.6 C (at atmospheric pressure)
Liquid Properties:
Density 791 kg/m at 20 C Heat of Vaporization 35278 kJ/kmol Viscosity: a = 555.3 b = 260.6 where log(viscosity) = a * ( 1/T - 1/b ) viscosity: mNs/m T: K
Vapor Properties:
Heat capacity: a = 21.152 b = 0.07092 c = 2.59E-05 d = -2.85E-08 where Cp = a + b*T + c*T + d*T Cp: kJ/kmol.K T: K
Critical properties:
Critical temperature 512.6 K Critical pressure 81 bar abs Critical volume 0.118 m/kmol
USES OF METHANOL
Ref: Gateway to natural energy (Green O.C)
sectorial uses of methanol
Others 20%
Formaldehyde 38%
Acetic Acid 9%
DMT 2%
Pharma 15% MTBE-Methyl tertiary butyl ether DBT -di-Methyl ether
MTBE 16%
METHANOL DEMAND
WHATS HAPPENING IN METHANOL MARKET..?
From its discovery in late 1600s , methanol has grown to become 21st largest commodity chemical with over 12 10 6 metric tones annually produced in the world . It is the ninth largest organic chemical produced in U .S . & one of the largest volume chemical produced in the world . The annual production of methanol exceeds 40 million tons and continues to grow by 4% per year
METHANOL IN INDIA
India accounted for 4% of the overall Asia-Pacific methanol market in the year 2011. As expected, MTBEs application in automobile sector is likely to drive methanol consumption in India during 2021. In India, Methanol prices surged up due to robust downstream demand and were marked at US$ 350355/ton CFR India.(as per 8 FEB 2013) According to markets estimation, Asia taking around 70% of worlds methanol consumption, and India is playing a big role in that.
DIFFERENT METHODS TO PRODUCE METHANOL
The oldest process for the production of methanol is dry distillation of wood, but this no longer has any practical importance. From methane: The direct catalytic conversion of methane to methanol using Cu-zeolites or other catalysts is an alternative process for the efficient production of methanol. From oxidation of hydrocarbons. From Bio mass From coal gasification. From synthesis gas.
WHY SYN GAS
Auto thermal Reforming (ATR) at low steam to carbon (S/C) ratio is the preferred technology for large scale plants by maximizing the single line capacity and minimizing the investment. ATR combines sub stoichiometric combustion and catalytic steam reforming in one compact refractory lined reactor to produce synthesis gas for production of more than 10,000 MTPD of methanol. The ATR operates at low S/C ratio, thus reducing the flow through the plant and minimizing the investment. The ATR produces a synthesis gas well suited for production of both fuel grade and high purity methanol. The design of the methanol synthesis section is essential to ensure low investment
PREPARATION OF SYNTHESIS GAS AUTO THERMAL REFORMING
BY
AUTO THERMAL REFORMING
CONTINUES.
The synthesis gas produced by auto thermal reforming is rich in carbon monoxide, resulting in high reactivity of the gas. The synthesis gas has a module of 1.7 to 1.8 and is thus deficient in hydrogen. The module must be adjusted to a value of about 2 before the synthesis gas is suitable for methanol production. The synthesis gas are the CO to CO2 ratio and the concentration of inerts. A high CO to CO2 ratio will increase the reaction rate. The synthesis gas produced by this type of module adjustment is less aggressive and may be preferred for production of high purity methanol.
PRODUCTION OF METHANOL FROM SYNTHESIS GAS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS ENVOLVED: CO + 2H2 CH3OH H= -26.4Kcal Methanatian reactions CO + 3H2 CH4 + H2O H= -50 Kcal 2CO + 2H2 CH4 + CO2 H= -60.3 Kcal Side rxns to higher mol. wt. compounds(ignored) METHANOL DECOMPOSITION: 2CH3OH CH3 O CH3 + H2O
CONTINUES.
Process Description: Feed gas comprising of H2 & CO is compressed to 3000-5000 Psi,mixed with recycle gas. 300 375 C The temperature is maintained to by proper space velocity. Excess hydrogen (H2/CO ratio)is used to avoid catalyst fouling In carrying high recycle loads, possibility of accumulation of inert gas is avoided by maintaining a side stream purge of about 5% on recycle gas.
FLOW CHART
MATERIAL BALANCE
BASIS:100 Tones of product -- methanol Production Per Hour = 130kmoles/hr Accounting for the 5% of methanol that decomposes to dimethyl ether, total methanol is produced is =136.5kmoles/hr. CO Balance: CO required to produce methanol is same as the methanol quantity. Let selectivity of this rxn. Is 87.5% Therefore, total CO required =136.5/.875 =156kmol/hr Out of which (156-139.5=19.5kmol/hr)is utilized for side rxns.
CONTINUES.
Now, 25% of CO is consumed In 1st and remaining in 2nd rxn. CO consumed here =(4.875+14.625)=19.5 Ether balance: Ether produced by the decomposition of methanol = (136.5-130)/2=3.25kmoles/hr. Methane balance: methane produced in 2nd rxn (4.875+7.3125)=12.1875kmol/hr . Water balance: water produced = (4.875+6.5/2) = 8.125kmol/hr
CONTINUES..
Carbon di oxide: CO2 produced = 7.3125kmol/hr Hydrogen balance: Hydrogen required= 136.5*2+4.875*3+14.625=301.95kmol/hr
