Water
-An
important resource
Contents
Project leads/Enquiry- Water Treatment Plant Water parameters & their Effects Industrial Water Process Flow Diagram Cost comparison
Project leads/Enquiry
Source of water Water Analysis Report Water Consumption break up End quality ( for all different units) Client Decision Procedure /Client analysis
Water Parameters & their effects
[Link] Water Impurities & their effects Water parameter Chemical Formula Difficulties/ Caused Means of treatment imparts unsightly appearance to water,deposits on water lines & process Coagulation, settling & 1 Turbidity Nothing Specific equipment Filtration Softening, Cause scale in Heat Demineraliation,intern Salts of Ca & Mg Exchanger,boilers,pipe al bioiler treatment & 2 Hardness ,expressed in CaCO3 lines surface active agents embrittlement for Lime & lime Soda HCO3,CO3,OH boiler line, source of softening,DM,Dealkaliz 3 Alkalinity expressed as CaCO3 corrosion er by anion exchange Free Mineral Acid H2SO4,HCLetc Neutralization with 4 (FMA) expressed as CaCO3 Corrosion alkalies Corrosion in water Areation,Deareation & lines & Condensate neutralization with 5 Carbon Dioxide CO2 lines alkalies 6 pH pH=log1/{H-} adds to solid content DM,RO,EDI,Evaporatio 7 Sulphate SO4 of water, ns Add to solid content & DM,RO,EDI,Evaporatio 8 Chloride Cl corrosive character ns DM,RO,EDI,Evaporatio 9 Nitrate NO3 add to solid content ns adsorption, alum 10 Fluoride F cause dental problem coagulation
[Link]
Water parameter
11 Sodium
Chemical Formula
Na
Difficulties/ Caused
Means of treatment
12 Silica 13 iron 14 Mangesne & aluminium
Sio2 Fe Mn & Al
15 Oxygen 16 Hydrogen sulphide
O2 H2S
17 Ammonia 18 Dissolved solids 19 Suspended Solids
NH3
Causes corrosion in boiler DM,RO,EDI,Evaporations scale in boiler , cooling tower, deposits on turbine blade DM,RO,EDI,Evaporations dsicolors, deposits on areation , contact boiler, water lines filtration, ion exchange Improvedd clarifier & Same as Iron Filter Operation corrosions in water line, deareation, sodium heat exchager line, sulphite corrosion bopiler return line inhibitors odor- rotten egg, areation, Chlorination, corrosion Highly basic anion Corrosion of copper & Zinc alloys by formation Deareation,Cation of complex compound exchange, deareation Scaling , Deposits on water line DM,RO,EDI,Evaporations coagulation, filtration
Water application area-Power
WATER CONSUMING AREA
INDUSTRIAL
DOMESTIC
PROCESS
OTHER
Cooling Tower Drinking Floor Wash Fire W Garden
Boiler Canteen AHU Ash Handling Coal Wash
Wash Room
WTP Operation
Power
AVGF,MGF Clarifier DeAerator
DM water Line
Boiler
Turbine
Disinfection Tank
Cooling Tower Cooling
Conde nsate
Cl
SSF
Blow down Recycling Unit Recirculation of BFW
CPU
ETP
Effluent
Treated Effluent Discharge
Steel
AVGF,MGF Clarifier DeAerator
DM water Line
Boiler
Disinfection Tank
Cooling Tower
Cold Rolling Mill
Hot Rolling Mill
LD & SC
Conde nsate
Cl
Blast Furnace
Coke Oven Plant
SSF
Softening Blow down Hot Wire Bar Mill Mill Pipe Mill CPU
Recycling Unit Recirculation of Condensate
ETP
Effluent
Sugar
Clarifier
DeAerator AVGF, MGF Turbine Boiler
Disinfection Tank
Clarifier Cl Vacuum Pan Sugar Crystals Evaporator
Raw Cane Recycling Unit
Cane
Crusher
Filter Cake
Finishing Tank
Centrifuge
Baggase Crystallizer Effluent
ETP
Discharge
Automobile
Polymer Clarifier
Plating process
AV GF,MGF Painting process
Disinfection Tank
Cl D.G. set Softening Tank Cooling Tower
Recycling Unit AVGF,MGF Blow Down Effluent
ETP
Discharge
Commercial Comparison
[Link] a b c d e f g Aspects Scheme Capital Cost=Equipment cost+Civil cost O&M Cost=raw water cost+wtp o&m+ ETP load o&m Space required Time required List of civil work Labor Cost Option-1 X x1+x2 Option-2 Y y1+y2 -
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