WAN Technologies
WAN TECHNOLOGIES
Cisco Regional Networking Academy
Version 3.0
Objectives
Examines some of the options available for WAN
interconnections, the hardware needed to implement them, and the terminology used to discuss them.
Table of Content
1 2 3 WAN technologies overview WAN technologies WAN design
WAN TECHNOLOGIES OVERVIEW
WAN technology
A WAN is a data communications network that operates beyond the geographic scope of a LAN A company or organization must subscribe to an outside WAN service provider in order to use WAN carrier network services
Part of WAN service
Subscriber to Provider Interface
WAN Devices
WAN standard: The physical layer
The physical layer protocols describe how to provide electrical, mechanical, operational, and functional connections to the services provided by a communications service provider.
Physical layer standard
EIA/TIA-232: Up to 64 kbps. ~V.24, RS-232. EIA/TIA-449: Up to 2 Mbps, capable of longer cable runs. EIA/TIA-612/613: HSSI, Access to services at T3, E3 and SONET STS-1 rates. V.35: An ITU-T standard, synchronous. X.21: An ITU-T standard, synchronous. G.703: An ITU-T specification, operating at E1 data rates.
Datalink Layer
The data link layer protocols define how data is encapsulated for transmission to remote sites, and the mechanisms for transferring the resulting frames.
Data link layer: WAN protocols
Frame Relay: Transmit data very rapidly compared to the other WAN protocols. PPP: Described by RFC 1661, PPP was developed by the IETF.
ISDN: Digital services that transmits voice and data over existing phone lines.
LAPB: LAPB provides reliability and flow control on a point-to-point basis. HDLC: An ISO standard, HDLC might not be compatible between different vendors.
WAN encapsulation
Flag
Header
Data
FCS
Flag
Address Control Protocol
Packet and circuit switching
WAN Link options
WAN TECHNOLOGIES
Analog dialup
ISDN
Leased line
CSU/DSU CSU/DSU
X.25
SVC
CSU/DSU CSU/DSU
PVC
CSU/DSU
Frame Relay
PVC
CSU/DSU CSU/DSU
ATM
DSL
Service
ADSL
Download
1.544-8.192Mbps
Upload
16-640Kbps
SDSL
HDSL IDSL
1.544-2.048Mbps
1.544-2.048Mbps 144Kbps
1.544-2.048Mbps
1.544-2.048Mbps 144Kbps
RADSL
CDSL
64Kbps-8.192Mbps
1Mbps
16-768Mbps
16-160Kbps
Cable modem
Enhanced cable modems enable two-way, highspeed data transmissions using the same coaxial lines that transmit cable television A cable modem is capable of delivering up to 30 to 40 Mbps of data on one 6 MHz cable channel
WAN DESIGN
Steps in WAN design
LOCATE LANs
ANALYZE TRAFFICS
PLAN TOPOLOGY Review PLAN BANDWIDTH Iterate
CHOOSE TOPOLOGY
COST AND EVALUATE
How to identify and select networking capabilities
Selecting an interconnection pattern or layout for the links between the various locations Selecting the technologies for those links to meet the enterprise requirements at an acceptable cost
Three-layer design model
Other WAN design considerations
Security
Server placement in WANs
Summary
Familiarity with WAN terminology describing equipment, such as CPE, CO, local loop, DTE, DCE, CSU/DSU, and TA
Familiarity with WAN terminology describing services and standards, such as ISDN, Frame Relay, ATM, T1, HDLC, PPP, POST, BRI, PRI, X.25, and DSL Elements of WAN design, including upgrading, extending, modifying an existing WAN, and recommending a WAN service to an organization based on its needs
Q&A