Philippine National AIDS Council
Session Objectives
At the end of the module, the participants should be able to:
Learn the definition of gender, sex, sexuality (GSS) and reproductive health (RH) Understand the impact of the socio-cultural environment on GSS and RH Learn about the parts and functions of the male and female sexual reproductive organs
Know the biological and psycho-social changes in ones lifetime and how to respond to these changes
Understand the link between reproductive health issues and HIV
Philippine National AIDS Council
Session Objectives
SEX
GENDER
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
2005 DOH-NASPCP
Philippine National AIDS Council
Working Definition
biological differentiation between males and females;
may also refer to the
sexual act
Philippine National AIDS Council
Working Definition
GENDER
the social roles of the male (masculine) or the female (feminine) socio-cultural expectations on how the male and the female should think, feel, & behave
Philippine National AIDS Council
Working Definition
Philippine National AIDS Council
Five Components of Sexuality
Practices
Partners
Pleasure /
Pressure / Pain Procreation
Power
Rao Gupta Source of graphic: [Link]
Philippine National AIDS Council
Remember!
It is important to respect an individual who does not subscribe to the gender and sexual norms set by society; he/she should not be judged as immoral and abnormal.
Philippine National AIDS Council
Working Definition
A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of reproductive disease or infirmity Deals with the reproductive processes, functions and system at all stages of life
Source: ICPD Cairo, 1994
Philippine National AIDS Council
10 Elements of Reproductive Health
1. Family planning; 2. Maternal and child health and nutrition 3. Prevention and management of abortion and its complications
4. Prevention and management of reproductive tract infections, sexually transmitted diseases including HIV and AIDS, and other reproductive health conditions; 5. Education and counseling on sexuality and sexual health
Source: ICPD Cairo, 1994
Philippine National AIDS Council
10 Elements of Reproductive Health
6. Breast and reproductive tract cancers and other gynecological conditions 7. Men's reproductive health 8. Adolescent and youth health 9. Violence against women & children 10. Prevention and treatment of infertility and sexual dysfunction
Source: ICPD Cairo, 1994
Philippine National AIDS Council
Male Reproductive System
Composed of erectile tissues; Organ for intercouse; May serve as entry point for HIV Passageway for sperm and urine Penis
Secretes alkaline fluid which helps In the motility of sperm Prostate gland
Urethra Where mature sperms are stored Contains the testes; regulates the Epididymis Contains twotemperature tissues essential for Sperm and testosterone production Testes Scrotum
Philippine National AIDS Council
Female Reproductive System Internal
Uterus Fallopian Tube Where the fertilized egg Pathway for the released egg; develops into a fetus Where egg may be fertilized by the sperm
Ovary
Cervix
Where egg cells develop; Vagina Produces estrogen and progesterone;
Philippine National AIDS Council
Female Reproductive System External
Clitoris Labia majora
Becomes erect during intercourse
Urethral opening Vaginal opening Labia minora
Philippine National AIDS Council
How to Take Care of Your Reproductive System
Female Regular pap smear Self-breast Exam
Male
Digital Rectal Exam Self-testicular Exam
Philippine National AIDS Council
Remember!
There is nothing shameful in learning about and understanding the parts and functions of ones reproductive system.
Philippine National AIDS Council
Understanding Sexuality
(Physiological and Psychological)
Masturbation Menopause
2005 DOH-NASPCP
Philippine National AIDS Council
The Stages of Human Sexual Development
Early Childhood (from birth to 3 yrs.)
Need for oral satisfaction
Gender identity develops Sex role conditioning
Possibility of orgasm
Body exploration
Philippine National AIDS Council
The Stages of Human Sexual Development Late Childhood (4 to 8 yrs.)
Childhood sexual play
Sex role learning
Bathroom Vocabulary Possibility of masturbation Media Influences
Philippine National AIDS Council
The Stages of Human Sexual Development
Early adolescence (9-11 yrs.)
Puberty begins
Closeness to same sex friends
Possibility of body exploration with others Media influences
Philippine National AIDS Council
The Stages of Human Sexual Development
Middle adolescence (1218 yrs.)
Greater awareness of being attracted to people of same sex, opposite, or both Possibility of sexual intercourse Strong need for independence
Philippine National AIDS Council
The Stages of Human Sexual Development
Late adolescence (18-21 yrs.)
Physical-sexual maturity Greater self-identification Movement to vocational phase of life Possibility of more sexual relationships Relationship development
Philippine National AIDS Council
Sexuality and Reproductive Health
As the changes occur to a young body that has less access to correct information, the greater her/his risk of acquiring STI, HIV&AIDS and other agerelated infections/diseases the more meager his/her chance for survival.
Philippine National AIDS Council
Gender, Sexuality and HIV
Gender and sexuality are significant factors in the sexual transmission of HIV. They also influence treatment, care, and support.
Source: Rao Gupta, 2000
[Link]
Philippine National AIDS Council
Factors that Determine Womens Vulnerability to HIV
Culture of silence regarding sex
The traditional norm of virginity Stigmatizing experience in trying to access treatment services for STI The motherhood ideal as a deterrent to safer sex options Womens lack of economic independence Violence against women
Source: Rao Gupta, 2000
Philippine National AIDS Council
Sex, Gender, & Sexuality should not be interchanged Sex being the physiological differentiation between males and females; Gender, the roles society assigns to men and women; and Sexuality, the total expression of a persons self-concept shaped by various factors in ones immediate surroundings that influence ones sexual development from childhood to adulthood.
Philippine National AIDS Council
Better knowledge of the human reproductive system helps us:
understand how it works protect ourselves from STIs & unplanned pregnancy practice safe sex detect abnormal growths and secretions understand the need to ensure our own reproductive health as an essential part of our overall well-being and happiness
Philippine National AIDS Council
The power imbalance between men and women leaves women unable to negotiate for safe sex, gain access to reproductive health services, and thus more vulnerable to HIV infection (along with the children they bring into the world). This puts a heavy burden on womens reproductive health, and adversely affects the state of health of the general public and a nations socio-economic development.
Source: Rao Gupta, 2000
Philippine National AIDS Council
Philippine National AIDS Council