EHV Transmission Equipments
C. K. Thakur Chief Design Engineer (Project Engineering Electrical) NTPC
Over view
Switching Schemes. Type of Towers. Type of conductors. Switchyard types. Switchyard equipments. Switchyard Layouts.
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Switching schemes
Single bus. Main and Transfer (sectionalised). Double bus. One and half breaker scheme. Double main and Transfer (Sectionalised). Double Breaker
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Factors Affecting Switching Scheme
System Security/Reliability. - Feeder Fault. - Bus Fault. - Equipment Failure. - Redundancy.
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Factors Affecting Switching Scheme (Contd.)
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Operational Flexibility. Ease of Maintenance. Simplicity of Protection Arrangements. Ease of Extension. Area available. Cost.
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Line Towers
Single Circuit. Double Circuit. Dead end type. Tension Towers. Suspension Towers.
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Tower Design
Wind Force. Conductor Tension. Span. Type of conductor.
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Tower Hardwares
Insulator Strings. Vibration Dampers. Spacers. Earthwire & OPGW.
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Type of Conductor
ACSR Moose (800A). Zebra (700A). Rabbit (190A). Dog (290A).
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Switchyard Type
Conventional Air Insulated Type. Gas Insulated type. Air Insulated (Enclosed type).
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Switchyard Equipments.
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Circuit Breaker. Disconnectors. Current Transformers. Capacitor Voltage Transformers. Lightning Arrestors. Post Insulators. Wave Traps
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General Parameters
Dielectric Parameters .(IEC 694) - Power Frequency Voltage. - Lightning Impulse Voltage. - Switching Impulse Voltage. - Corona Extinction Voltage. - RIV Level.
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400kV Equipments
a. b. c. d. Rated voltage 420 kV Rated frequency 50 Hz Rated short time withstand 40 kA rms for one (1) second current capacity Insulation levels for 420kV Circuit breakers and Disconnecting Switches i) Rated one minute power a) 520 kV rms between live Frequency withstand voltage terminals and earth. b) 610 kV rms across isolating distance. a) +/- 1425 kVp between live terminals and earth. b) +/- 1425 kVp impulse on one terminal and 240 kVp power frequency of opposite polarity on other terminal (across isolating distance). a) +/- 1050 kVp between live terminals and earth. b) +/- 900 kVp impulse on one terminal and 345 kVp power frequency of opposite polarity on other terminal (across isolating distance). 1000 micro volts for frequency between 0.5 Mhz and 2.0 Mhz for all equipment. However, for insulator strings the measurement would be at 305 kV . Not less than 320 kV rms
e.
ii) Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage
iii) Rated switching impulse withstand voltage
f.
Max. Radio interference voltage at 266kVrms
g.
Corona extinction voltage
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220kV Equipments
a. b. c. d. Rated voltage 245 kV Rated frequency 50 Hz Rated short time withstand 40 kA rms for one (1) second current capacity Insulation levels for 245kV Circuit breakers and Disconnecting Switches i) Rated one minute power a) 460 kV rms between live Frequency withstand voltage terminals and earth. b) 460 kV rms across isolating distance. a) +/- 1050 kVp between live terminals and earth. b) +/- 1050 kVp impulse on one terminal and other terminal earthed (across isolating distance). 1000 micro volts for frequency between 0.5 Mhz and 2.0 Mhz for all equipment.
e.
ii) Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage
f.
Max. Radio interference voltage at 156kVrms
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132kV Equipments
a. b. c. d. Rated voltage 145 kV Rated frequency 50 Hz Rated short time withstand 31.5 kA rms for one (1) second current capacity Insulation levels for 145kV Circuit breakers and Disconnecting Switches i) Rated one minute power a) 275 kV rms between live Frequency withstand voltage terminals and earth. b) 275 kV rms across isolating distance. a) +/- 460 kVp between live terminals and earth. b) +/- 460 kVp impulse on one terminal and other terminal earthed (across isolating distance). 1000 micro volts for frequency between 0.5 Mhz and 2.0 Mhz for all equipment.
e.
ii) Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage
f.
Max. Radio interference voltage at 92kVrms
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General Parameters (Contd.)
Rated Current. Short Time Current. Creepage Distance.
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Circuit Breakers Type
MOCB. ABCB. SF6
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Circuit Breaker
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Fault clearing. Load Make Break. Break Time. Single/Multi Break. Voltage Distribution across breaks. Closing resistors. Operating mechanism (Spring/Pneumatic/Hydraulic)
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Disconnectors
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HCB Type. Double Break Type. Pantograph type. Vertical Break type. Provision of Earth Switches. Motor / Pneumatic operated. Gang operated/Single pole type.
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Current Transformer
Bar Primary type. Dead tank/Live tank type. Ring Type. No. of Cores. Ratio. Accuracy.
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Capacitor Voltage Transformer
Capacitance. Voltage Ratio. No. Of Cores. Accuracy.
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Lightning Arrestor
Gap Type / Gapless Type. Voltage Rating. Energy Capability. Monitoring. Location.
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Post Insulators
Voltage Rating. Cantilever Strength. Fixing Details.
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Wave Trap
Rated Inductance(0.5/1.0 mH). Rated current. Band Width. Coupling (Phase to Phase).
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Switchyard Layout Guidelines
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Place All Equpt. At ground level for ease of maintenance. Busbars placed at right angles to feeders. Accessibility of feeders from either side of switchyard. Conductor crossings at right angles be separated to achieve adequate clearances. 25
Switchyard Layout Guidelines(Contd.)
For 400kV
- Phase to Phase 4000 mm - Phase to earth 3500mm
For 220kV
- Phase to Phase 2100 mm - Phase to earth 2100mm
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Switchyard Layout Guidelines(Contd.)
Lower level connections can be of Rigid pipe or flexible conductor. Upper level connections can be of strung type only. For aesthetic looks and similarity all same equipments be in one line as far as possible. Road near circuit breaker be kept for maintenance purpose.
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Switchyard Layout Guidelines(Contd.)
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Provide Double insulator strings for upper level for safety reasons and to avoid busfaults due to conductor snapping. Cable trenches to be routed for ease in maintenance and movement. Lightning protection to be provided using Lightning masts and/or shield wires. Lighting to be provided by fixtures on 28 LM platform.
