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HVAC Basics and System Overview

This document provides an overview of HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems. It discusses HVAC energy consumption and temperature/humidity control goals. It describes the major mechanical equipment used in HVAC systems like boilers, chillers, air handling units, and variable air volume boxes. Diagrams and pictures show how heating, cooling, humidification, ventilation, and air distribution works. The document also discusses real-world issues that can occur and differences between design and actual system operation.

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Rommy Romanza
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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323 views20 pages

HVAC Basics and System Overview

This document provides an overview of HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems. It discusses HVAC energy consumption and temperature/humidity control goals. It describes the major mechanical equipment used in HVAC systems like boilers, chillers, air handling units, and variable air volume boxes. Diagrams and pictures show how heating, cooling, humidification, ventilation, and air distribution works. The document also discusses real-world issues that can occur and differences between design and actual system operation.

Uploaded by

Rommy Romanza
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Introduction to HVAC Systems
  • HVAC Energy Consumption
  • Fundamentals of HVAC
  • HVAC Components and Controls
  • Air Handling Units (AHU)
  • Variable Air Volume (VAV) Systems
  • Seasonal HVAC Operations
  • Real World Applications
  • Summary and Learnings
  • Conclusion

HVAC Basics

Bin Yan

HVAC Heating, Ventilation, Air-conditioning

HVAC Energy Consumption


Annual Energy Use Cooling Heating 642 kWh/m2 623 kWh/m2

Electricity 414 kWh/m2

32% DOE numbers

>60% A lab building on campus


2

HVAC
HVAC Heating, Ventilation, Air-conditioning Temperature Humidity 68F (20C) and 75F (25C) 30% relative humidity (RH) and 60% RH A slightly positive pressure to reduce outside air infiltration.

Pressure

Ventilation

Rooms typically have several complete air changes per hour

Diagram of mechanical system on the blackboard


3

Where?

Mechanical Room: Boilers, chillers, pumps, heat exchangers

Air Handling Units (AHUs): heat, cool, humidify, dehumidify, ventilate, filter and distribute the air.
Room Controls: thermostats and Variable Air Volume (VAV) boxes
4

Pictures from [Link]

In the mechanical room

Boiler

Pictures from [Link]

Chiller

Heating

Also to radiators, terminal reheat, domestic hot water.


Pictures from [Link] 6

Heating

Pictures from [Link]

Cooling

Pictures from [Link]

AHU Air Handling Unit


Where does air come from and go to?
Exhaust air

Return air

Outside air

Supply air

AHU
Whats in an AHU?
Sensor

Heating/Cooling Coil

Damper

Filter

Fan

Pictures from [Link]

10

AHU - Economizer

Linked

55F Minimum in summer More outside air in winter Economizer mode: Using outside air for cooling rather than mechanical cooling.
11

Pictures from [Link]

AHU Heating and Cooling

55F

dehumidification

Pictures from [Link]

12

Humidification

Why before the cooling coil?

Pictures from [Link]

13

VAV
damper
Two variables Temperature & Air Volume

The box you can see in the hallway. IF temperature too high
First reduce reheat till fully closed Then increase air volume

IF temperature too low


First reduce air volume till minimum Then start reheat
Pictures from [Link] 14

Winter

Return Outside Mixed

15

Summer
Outside

Cooled and dehumidified

Mixed Return

16

The Real World

52F

Any difference? Anything wrong?

17

The Real World

52F

Chilled water is still used when outside air is far below 52F Temperature increased after humidification. Sensor error. Separate control caused counteraction.
18

What we have learned?


The system that ensures the thermal comfort. Whats in the mechanical rooms. What happens in air handling unit. How VAV works.

What can happen in the real world.

19

Thanks!
binyan@[Link]

20

HVAC Basics Bin Yan HVAC – Heating, Ventilation, Air-conditioning
HVAC Energy Consumption 2 Cooling 642 kWh/m2 Heating 623 kWh/m2 Electricity 414 kWh/m2 Annual Energy Use >
HVAC 3 HVAC – Heating, Ventilation, Air-conditioning Temperature Humidity Pressure Ventilation 68°F (20°C) and 75°F (2
Where? 4 Mechanical Room: Boilers, chillers, pumps, heat exchangers… Air Handling Units (AHUs): heat, cool, humidify, de
In the mechanical room 5 Boiler Chiller Pictures from https://rfd-training.tac.com/docs/HVAC.pdf
Heating 6 Also to radiators, terminal reheat, domestic hot water. Pictures from https://rfd-training.tac.com/docs/HVAC.pd
Heating 7 Pictures from https://rfd-training.tac.com/docs/HVAC.pdf
Cooling 8 Pictures from https://rfd-training.tac.com/docs/HVAC.pdf
AHU – Air Handling Unit 9 Return air Exhaust air Outside air Supply air Where does air come from and go to?
AHU 10 Damper Heating/Cooling Coil Fan Sensor Filter What’s in an AHU? Pictures from https://rfd-training.tac.com/do

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