Chapter [Link] Stdio.
Net IDE
A reference of MSDN Library for Visual Studio 2005
Lng Xun Ph IT Faculty, Vinh University
Contents
Chapter [Link] [Link] IDE
Introduction Visual [Link] IDE Overview Menu Bar and Toolbar Visual [Link] Windows Simple Programs Structure of C# programs
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Introduction
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Visual Studio .NET
Microsofts Integrated Development Environment (IDE) Program in a variety of .NET languages Tools to edit and manipulate several file types Introduced by Microsoft (June 2000)
.NET initiative
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Introduction
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C#
Developed at Microsoft by a team led by Anders Hejlsberg and Scott Wiltamuth Event driven, object oriented, visual programming language Based from C, C++ and Java
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[Link] Framework
Chapter [Link] [Link] IDE XML Web Web Services Forms [Link] Windows Forms
C#, [Link], J#, C++ Data and XML Classes Base Framework Classes Common Language Runtime
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Visual Studio .NET IDE
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Create a new project
File -> New -> Project
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Visual Studio .NET IDE
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C# .NET project
Group of related files, images, and documentations
C# .NET solution
Group of projects creating one or a group of applications
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Visual Studio .NET IDE
Chapter [Link] [Link] IDE
Console applications
No visual components Only text output Two types
MS-DOS prompt
Used in Windows 95/98/ME Used in windows 2000/NT/XP
Command prompt
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Visual Studio .NET IDE
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Windows applications
Anything that runs in the Windows OS Forms with several output types Contain Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)
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Visual Studio .NET IDE
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IDE after a new project
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Visual Studio .NET IDE
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Form
Grey rectangle in window Represents the projects window Part of the GUI or Graphical User Interface
Graphical components for user interaction User can enter data (input) Shows user instructions or results (output)
Tabs
One tab appears for each open document Used to save space in the IDE
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Menu Bar and Toolbar
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Menu bar
Commands for developing and executing programs
Create new projects by going to File > New > Project
Certain menu options only appear in specific IDE modes Each menu is summarized in following Figure:
Slide 12
Menu Bar and Toolbar
Chapter [Link] [Link] IDE
Menu File Edit View Project Build Debug Data Tools Windows Help Description Contains commands for opening projects, closing projects, printing projects, etc. Contains commands such as cut, paste, find, undo, etc. Contains commands for displaying IDE windows and toolbars. Contains commands for adding features, such as forms, to the project. Contains commands for compiling a program. Contains commands for debugging and executing a program. Contains commands for interacting with databases. Contains commands for additional IDE tools and options for customizing the environment. Contains commands for arranging and displaying windows. Contains commands for getting help. Slide 13
Menu Bar and Toolbar
Chapter [Link] [Link] IDE
Toolbar
Contains commonly used commands as icons Used rather than navigating through menus Simply click the icon to use the command
Some icons have down arrows that offer additional commands Holding the mouse over an icon displays a tool tip
Tool tips briefly state what the icons are or do.
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Visual Studio .NET Windows
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The Solution Explorer
Show All File Refresh View Code View Design View Class Diagram
Startup project Collapse tree
Expand tree
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Visual Studio .NET Windows
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The Solution Explorer
Lists all files in the solution Displays the contents or a new project or open file The start up project is the project that runs when the program is executed
It appears in bold in the Solution Explorer
The plus and minus images expand and collapse the tree
Can also double click on the file name to expand/collapse
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Visual Studio .NET Windows
Chapter [Link] [Link] IDE
The Solution Explorer
Solution Explorer toolbar
The The The The
Show All files icon Shows all files Refresh icon reloads files in the solution View Code icon shows code of selected object View Design icon shows design of selected object
Icons change based on selected file
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Visual Studio .NET Windows
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The Toolbox
Slide 18
Visual Studio .NET Windows
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The Toolbox
Contains reusable controls
Controls customize the form Visual programming allows drag and drop of controls
Black arrows at bottom are used to scroll through items Mouse pointer icon allows user to deselect current control No tool tips
Each icon is labeled with a its name
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Visual Studio .NET Windows
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The Toolbox
Toolbox can be hidden on left side of IDE
Mouse over it to expand it When the mouse is no longer over it, the toolbar goes away The pin icon is used disable auto hide
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Visual Studio .NET Windows
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The Properties window
Component selection Events icon Current value
Alphabet icon Property icon
Properties
Description
Slide 21
Visual Studio .NET Windows
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The Properties window
Manipulate the properties of a form or control Each control has its own set of properties
Properties can include size, color, text, or position
Right column is the property Left column is the property value
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Visual Studio .NET Windows
Chapter [Link] [Link] IDE
The Properties window
Icons
The Alphabetic icon arranges the properties alphabetically The Property icon shows the properties of control The Event icon allows reactions to user actions
Users alter controls visually without writing code The component selection dropdown list shows what control is being altered and what other controls can be altered
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Simple Program
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Design A Simple Program
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Simple Program
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Save the project
In the Solution Explorer select File > Save Using Save All will save the source code and the project In run mode several IDE features are disabled Click Build Solution in the Build menu to compile the solution Click Debug in the Start menu or press the F5 key
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Run the project
Simple program
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View code
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Structure of C# Programs
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Structure of C# Programs
Program
[Link]
[Link]
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namespace A {...}
namespace A {...}
namespace B {...}
class X {...}
class Y {...}
class Z {...}
class Z {...}
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Structure of C# Programs
Chapter [Link] [Link] IDE
Namespaces
Groups related C# features into a categories Allows the easy reuse of code Many namespaces are found in the .NET framework library Must be referenced in order to be used Example:
using [Link]; using [Link]; namespace WindowsApplication1
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Structure of C# Programs
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Namespaces in the Framework Class Library
System: Contains essential classes and data types (such as int, double, char, etc.). Implicitly referenced by all C# programs. [Link]: Contains classes that form ADO .NET, used for database access and manipulation. [Link]: Contains classes used for drawing and graphics. [Link]: Contains classes for the input and output of data, such as with files.
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Structure of C# Programs
Chapter [Link] [Link] IDE
Namespaces in the Framework Class Library
[Link]: Contains classes used to create graphical user interfaces. [Link]: Contains classes used to process XML data. Words that cannot be used as variable or class names or any other capacity. Example: class All keywords are lowercase.
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Keywords
Structure of Class
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Struture of the class
... fields, constants ... ... methods ... ... constructors, destructors ... ... properties ... ... events ... ... indexers ... ... overloaded operators ... ... nested types (classes, structs, enums,)...
class <classname> {
}
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Structure of Class
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Class names can only be one word long (i.e. no white space in class name) Each class name is an identifier
Can contain letters, digits, and underscores (_) Cannot start with digits Can start with the at symbol (@)
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Structure of Class
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Example of the class
//fields
class rectangle{ private float a, b; a = x; b = y; } public void init(float x, float y){ //Method public rectangle(float x-0, float y=0){ //Constructor
a = x; b = y;
} public float area(){ returb a*b; } }
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//Method
Object
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Object classes encapsulate (wrap together) data and methods. Objects can hide implementation from other objects (information hiding) Methods: units of programming. User-defined type: class written by a programmer.
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Object
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Member Access Modifiers
public: Member is accessible wherever an instance of the object exists. private: Members is accessible only inside the class definition Example: rectangle r = new rectangle();
Object must be created with new
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Structure of Class
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Methods
Building blocks of programs Method Overloading
if they have different numbers of parameters, or if they have different parameter types, or if they have different parameter kinds (value, ref/out) Each console or windows application must have exactly one All programs start by executing the Main method
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The Main method
Structure of Class
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Constructors for Classes
Initializes objects of the class Can take arguments Cannot return values There may be more then one constructor per class (overloaded constructors) A construcor may call another constructor with this.
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Structure of Class
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Default Constructor
If no constructor was declared in a class, the compiler generates a parameterless default constructor If a constructor was declared, no default constructor is generated.
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Structure of Class
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Destructors
Called for an object before it is removed by the garbage collector. Base class destructor is called automatically at the end. No public or private
Slide 39