Conjunction
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Bakhtawar BalochConjunction
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Bakhtawar BalochTHE CONJUNCTION
THE CONJUNCTION
Read the following sentences:-
1. God made the country and man made the
town.
2. Our hoard is little, but our hearts are great.
3. She must weep, or she will die.
4. Two and two make four.
Definition of Conjunction
• Def:- A Conjunction is a word which merely
joins together sentences, and sometimes
words.
Balu and Vithal, are good bowlers.
'Balu is a good bowler and Vithal is a good
bowler’.
'The man is poor but he is honest.
Two and two make four.
Hari and Rama are brothers.
Hari and Rama came home together
Conjunctions must be carefully distinguished from Relative
pronouns, Relative
Adverbs and Prepositions, which are also connecting words
1. This is the house that Jack built. (Relative
pronoun)
2. This is the place where he was murdered
(Relative Adverb)
3. Take this and give that. (Conjunction)
[Link] Conjunctions:
Conjunction which are used in pairs are called Correlative
conjunctions
• Either-or -- Either take it or leave it.
• Neither-nor -- It is neither useful nor ornamental.
• Both-and -- We both love and honour him
• Though-yet (rare in current English) -- Though he is
suffering much pain, yet he does not complain.
• Whether-or -- I do not care whether you go or stay.
• Not only-But also -- Not only he is foolish, but also
obstinate
[Link] Conjunctions: When we use many
compound expressions as conjunctions.
In order that - The notice was published in order that all might know the
facts.
On condition that - I will forgive you on condition that you do not repeat
the offence.
Even if -- Such an act would not be kind even if it were just.
So that -- He saved some bread so that he should not go hungry on the
tomorrow.
Provided that -- You can borrow the book provided that you return it soon.
As through -- He walks as though he is slightly lame.
In as much as -- I must refuse your request, in as much as I believe it
unreasonable.
As well as -- Rama as well as Govind was present there.
As soon as -- He took off his coat as soon as he entered the house.
As if -- He looks as if he were weary.
Classes of Conjunctions
Co-ordinating Subordinating
[Link] Conjunction: The conjunction joining
together these two statements or clauses of equal rank.
Kinds of Co ordinating Conjuction
Kinds of Co-ordinating Conjunction
Cumulative or Disjunctive or
Adversative Illative
Copulative Alternative
Co-ordinating Conjunctions are of four kinds:
(1) Cumulative or Copulative which merely add one statement to
another; as,
• We carved not a line, and we raised hot a stone.
(2) Adversative which express opposition or contrast between two
statements; as,
• He is slow, but he is sure.
• I was annoyed, still I kept quiet.
• I would come ; only that I am engaged.
• He was all right; only he was fatigued.
(3) Disjunctive or Alternative which express a choice between two
alternatives; as,
• She must weep, or she will die.
(4) Illative which express an inference; as,
• Something certainly fell in: for I heard a splash.
• All precautions must have been neglected, for the plague spread
[Link] Conjunction: The conjunction
introducing the dependent or sub ordinate
clause
• The chief Subordinating Conjunctions are:-
After, because, if, that, though, although, till, before,
unless, as, when, where, while.
• After the shower was over the sun shone out again.
• A book's a book, although there is nothing in it.
• As he was not there, I spoke to his brother.
• He ran away because he was afraid.
• Answer the first question before you proceed
further
The following is a list of some commonly used
subordinating conjunctions
Time:
After, while, as long as, as soon as, before, since, until, when, whenever, as.
Place:
Where, wherever
Manner:
As, as if, as though
Cause:
Because in that
Condition:
Although, if, as long as, even if, unless.
Comparison:
As ,than
Purpose:
In order that, so that, that.
SELF ASSESSMENT
1:Point out the Conjunctions in the following sentences, and state whether they are Coordinating or Subordinating:-
• 1. You will not succeed unless you work harder.
• 2. We arrived after you had gone.
• 3. I waited till the train arrived.
• 4. Bread and milk is wholesome food.
• 5. You will get the prize if you deserve it-
• 6. When you are called, you must come in at once.
• 7. Do not go before I come.
• 8. I cannot give you any money, for I have none.
• 9. Since you say so, I must believe it.
• 10. He fled lest he should be killed
[Link]
• [Link]-Subordinating
• [Link]-Subordinating
• [Link]-Subordinating
• [Link]-Co-ordinating
• [Link]-Subordinating
• [Link]-Subordinating
• [Link]-Subordinating
• [Link]-co-ordinating
• [Link]-Subordinating
• [Link]-Subordinating
2. Fill the blanks with appropriate
Conjunctions:-
• 1. Be just --- fear not.
• 2. I ran fast, --- I missed the train.
• 3. He fled, --- he was afraid.
• 4. Make haste, --- you will be late.
• 5. --- you try, you will not succeed.
• 6. I am sure --- he said so.
• 7. Wait --- I return.
• 8. Do not go --- I come.
• 9. He finished first --- he began late.
• 10. Take care --- you fall.
• 1I. Take a lamp, --- the night is dark.
[Link]
• [Link]
• [Link]
• [Link]
• [Link]/else/otherwise
• [Link]
• [Link]
• [Link]
• [Link]
• [Link]/although
• [Link]
References
• Wren and Martin English Grammar and
composition